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Marine Communities on Oil Platforms in Gabon West Africa: High Biodiversity Oases in a Low Biodiversity Environment

机译：西非加蓬石油平台上的海洋社区：低生物多样性环境中的高生物多样性绿洲

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The marine biodiversity of Gabon, West Africa has not been well studied and is largely unknown. Our examination of marine communities associated with oil platforms in Gabon is the first scientific investigation of these structures and highlights the unique ecosystems associated with them. A number of species previously unknown to Gabonese waters were recorded during our surveys on these platforms. Clear distinctions in benthic communities were observed between older, larger platforms in the north and newer platforms to the south or closer to shore. The former were dominated by a solitary cup coral, Tubastraea sp., whereas the latter were dominated by the barnacle Megabalanus tintinnabulum, but with more diverse benthic assemblages compared to the northerly platforms. Previous work documented the presence of limited zooxanthellated scleractinian corals on natural rocky substrate in Gabon but none were recorded on platforms. Total estimated fish biomass on these platforms exceeded one ton at some locations and was dominated by barracuda (Sphyraena spp.), jacks (Carangids), and rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata). Thirty-four percent of fish species observed on these platforms are new records for Gabon and 6% are new to tropical West Africa. Fish assemblages closely associated with platforms had distinct amphi-Atlantic affinities and platforms likely extend the distribution of these species into coastal West Africa. At least one potential invasive species, the snowflake coral (Carijoa riisei), was observed on the platforms. Oil platforms may act as stepping stones, increasing regional biodiversity and production but they may also be vectors for invasive species. Gabon is a world leader in terrestrial conservation with a network of protected areas covering >10% of the country. Oil exploration and biodiversity conservation currently co-exist in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in Gabon. Efforts to increase marine protection in Gabon may benefit by including oil platforms in the marine protected area design process.
机译：西非加蓬的海洋生物多样性尚未得到充分研究，很大程度上未知。我们对加蓬与石油平台相关的海洋群落的检查是对这些结构的首次科学调查，并突出了与之相关的独特生态系统。在我们对这些平台的调查期间，记录了许多加蓬水域以前未知的物种。在底栖生物群落中，在北部较旧，较大的平台与南部或更近的较新平台之间观察到明显的区别。前者主要由孤立的杯状珊瑚Tubastraea sp。主导，而后者则由藤壶Megabalanus tintinnabulum主导，但底栖动物的组合比北部平台多。先前的工作记录了加蓬的天然岩石底物上存在有限的虫黄藻类巩膜珊瑚，但平台上没有记录。在某些地方，这些平台上鱼类生物量的总估计量超过一吨，主要由梭子鱼（Sphyraena spp。），千斤顶（Carangids）和彩虹赛跑者（Elagatis bipinnulata）主导。在这些平台上观察到的鱼类中有34％是加蓬的新记录，而6％是热带西非的新记录。与平台密切相关的鱼类组合具有独特的两栖-大西洋亲和力，平台可能会将这些物种的分布扩展到西非沿海地区。在平台上观察到至少一种潜在的入侵物种，雪花珊瑚（Carijoa riisei）。石油平台可以充当垫脚石，增加区域生物多样性和产量，但它们也可能是入侵物种的媒介。加蓬是全球陆地保护的领导者，其保护区网络覆盖了该国超过10％的地区。目前，石油勘探和生物多样性保护在加蓬的陆地和淡水生态系统中共存。通过在加油站的海洋保护区设计过程中增加石油平台，可以增强加蓬海洋保护的努力。

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