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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Influence of Residue and Nitrogen Fertilizer Additions on Carbon Mineralization in Soils with Different Texture and Cropping Histories
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Influence of Residue and Nitrogen Fertilizer Additions on Carbon Mineralization in Soils with Different Texture and Cropping Histories

机译：残留和氮肥添加对不同质地和耕种历史的土壤中碳矿化的影响

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To improve our ability to predict SOC mineralization response to residue and N additions in soils with different inherent and dynamic organic matter properties, a 330-day incubation was conducted using samples from two long-term experiments (clay loam Mollisols in Iowa [IAsoil] and silt loam Ultisols in Maryland [MDsoil]) comparing conventional grain systems (Conv) amended with inorganic fertilizers with 3 yr (Med) and longer (Long), more diverse cropping systems amended with manure. A double exponential model was used to estimate the size (C a, C s) and decay rates (k a, k s) of active and slow C pools which we compared with total particulate organic matter (POM) and occluded-POM (OPOM). The high-SOC IAsoil containing highly active smectite clays maintained smaller labile pools and higher decay rates than the low-SOC MDsoil containing semi-active kaolinitic clays. Net SOC loss was greater (2.6 g kg−1; 8.6%) from the IAsoil than the MDsoil (0.9 g kg−1, 6.3%); fractions and coefficients suggest losses were principally from IAsoil’s resistant pool. Cropping history did not alter SOC pool size or decay rates in IAsoil where rotation-based differences in OPOM-C were small. In MDsoil, use of diversified rotations and manure increased k a by 32% and k s by 46% compared to Conv; differences mirrored in POM- and OPOM-C contents. Residue addition prompted greater increases in C a (340% vs 230%) and C s (38% vs 21%) and decreases in k a (58% vs 9%) in IAsoil than MDsoil. Reduced losses of SOC from residue-amended MDsoil were associated with increased OPOM-C. Nitrogen addition dampened CO2-C release. Clay type and C saturation dominated the IAsoil’s response to external inputs and made labile and stable fractions more vulnerable to decay. Trends in OPOM suggest aggregate protection influences C turnover in the low active MDsoil. Clay charge and OPOM-C contents were better predictors of soil C dynamics than clay or POM-C contents.
机译：为了提高我们预测具有不同固有和动态有机质属性的土壤中SOC对残留和氮添加的矿化响应的能力，使用了两个长期实验（爱荷华州的粘土壤土Mollisols [IAsoil]和马里兰的粉壤土Ultisols [MDsoil]）比较了传统的谷物系统（Conv）和3年（Med）及更长（Long）的无机肥料修正的情况，以及更多种多样的种植系统和肥料的修正情况。使用双指数模型来估计活跃和缓慢C池的大小（C a，C s）和衰减率（ka，k s），并将其与总颗粒有机物（POM）和闭塞POM（OPOM）进行比较。与含半活性高岭土的低SOC MDs土相比，含高活性IA的绿土的IAsoil保持较小的不稳定池和较高的衰减率。 IAsoil的净SOC损失（2.6 g kg -1 ； 8.6％）大于MDsoil（0.9 g kg -1 ，6.3％）；分数和系数表明损失主要来自IAsoil的抗药性库。在OPOM-C中基于轮换的差异较小的情况下，耕作历史并未改变IAsoil中的SOC库大小或衰减率。在MDsoil中，与Conv相比，使用多样化的轮作和肥料使k a增加32％，k s增加46％。 POM-和OPOM-C内容中反映的差异。与MDsoil相比，残留物的添加促使IAsoil中的C a（340％vs 230％）和C s（38％vs 21％）的增加更大，而K a（58％vs 9％）的减少。残留物修正的MDs土壤中SOC损失的减少与OPOM-C的增加有关。氮添加抑制了CO 2 -C的释放。黏土类型和C饱和度主导了IAsoil对外部输入的响应，使不稳定的稳定级分更易于衰减。 OPOM的趋势表明，总的保护作用会影响低活性MD土壤中的C转换。粘土电荷和OPOM-C含量比粘土或POM-C含量更好地预测了土壤C动力学。

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