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Effect of Parietal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Spatial Working Memory in Healthy Elderly Persons - Comparison of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Young and Elderly

机译：顶叶经颅磁刺激对健康老年人空间工作记忆的影响-年轻人和老年人近红外光谱的比较

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摘要

In a previous study, we succeeded in improving the spatial working memory (WM) performance in healthy young persons by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the parietal cortex and simultaneously measuring the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) level using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Since an improvement in WM was observed when TMS was applied to the right parietal cortex, the oxy-Hb distribution seemed to support a model of hemispheric asymmetry (HA). In the present study, we used the same study design to evaluate healthy elderly persons and investigated the effect of TMS on WM performance in the elderly, comparing the results with those previously obtained from young persons. The application of TMS did not affect WM performance (both reaction time and accuracy) of 38 elderly participants (mean age  = 72.5 years old). To investigate the reason for this result, we conducted a three-way ANOVA examining oxy-Hb in both young and elderly participants. For the right parietal TMS site in the elderly, TMS significantly decreased the oxy-Hb level during WM performance; this result was the opposite of that observed in young participants. An additional three-way ANOVA was conducted for each of the 52 channels, and a P value distribution map was created. The P value maps for the young participants showed a clearly localized TMS effect for both the WM and control task, whereas the P map for the elderly participants showed less significant channels and localization. Further analysis following the time course revealed that right-side parietal TMS had almost no effect on the frontal cortex in the elderly participants. This result can most likely be explained by age-related differences in HA arising from the over-recruitment of oxy-Hb, differentiation in the parietal cortex, and age-related alterations of the frontal-parietal networks.
机译：在先前的研究中，我们通过对顶叶皮层施加经颅磁刺激（TMS）并同时使用近红外光谱法测量了氧合血红蛋白（oxy-Hb）的水平，成功改善了健康年轻人的空间工作记忆（WM）性能。 （NIRS）。由于在将TMS应用于右顶叶皮层时观察到WM有所改善，因此oxy-Hb分布似乎支持了半球不对称（HA）模型。在本研究中，我们使用相同的研究设计来评估健康的老年人，并研究了TMS对老年人WM性能的影响，并将结果与​​以前从年轻人获得的结果进行了比较。 TMS的应用并没有影响38名老年参与者（平均年龄== 72.5岁）的WM表现（反应时间和准确性）。为了调查产生此结果的原因，我们进行了三步方差分析，对年轻人和老年人的oxy-Hb进行了检查。对于老年人的右顶壁TMS部位，TMS在WM表现期间显着降低了氧合血红蛋白水平。这个结果与年轻参与者的观察结果相反。对52个通道中的每个通道进行了另外的三向方差分析，并创建了P值分布图。年轻参与者的P值图在WM和控制任务中均显示出明显的局部TMS效果，而老年参与者的P图则显示出较不重要的渠道和本地化。随着时间的流逝，进一步的分析表明，右侧壁顶TMS对老年参与者的额叶皮层几乎没有影响。该结果最有可能是由于氧-血红蛋白的过度招募，顶叶皮层的分化以及额顶-顶体网络的年龄相关变化引起的与年龄相关的HA差异。

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