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Forest Fire Smoke Layers Observed in the Free Troposphere over Portugal with a Multiwavelength Raman Lidar: Optical and Microphysical Properties

机译：多波长拉曼激光雷达在葡萄牙对流层上观测到的森林火灾烟雾层：光学和微物理性质

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摘要

Vertically resolved optical and microphysical properties of biomass burning aerosols, measured in 2011 with a multiwavelength Raman lidar, are presented. The transportation time, within 1-2 days (or less), pointed towards the presence of relatively fresh smoke particles over the site. Some strong layers aloft were observed with particle backscatter and extinction coefficients (at 355 nm) greater than 5 Mm−1 sr−1 and close to 300 Mm−1, respectively. The particle intensive optical properties showed features different from the ones reported for aged smoke, but rather consistent with fresh smoke. The Ångström exponents were generally high, mainly above 1.4, indicating a dominating accumulation mode. Weak depolarization values, as shown by the small depolarization ratio of 5% or lower, were measured. Furthermore, the lidar ratio presented no clear wavelength dependency. The inversion of the lidar signals provided a set of microphysical properties including particle effective radius below 0.2 μm, which is less than values previously observed for aged smoke particles. Real and imaginary parts of refractive index of about 1.5-1.6 and 0.02i, respectively, were derived. The single scattering albedo was in the range between 0.85 and 0.93; these last two quantities indicate the nonnegligible absorbing characteristics of the observed particles.
机译：提出了垂直分辨的生物质燃烧气溶胶的光学和微物理特性，该特性在2011年使用多波长拉曼激光雷达进行了测量。 1-2天（或更少）以内的运输时间表明该站点上存在相对较新的烟尘颗粒。在高空观察到一些强层，粒子的反向散射和消光系数（355 nm）大于5 Mm -1 sr -1 ，接近300 Mm -1 。粒子密集的光学特性显示出与陈旧烟雾不同的特征，但与新鲜烟雾一致。 Ångström指数总体较高，主要高于1.4，表明是主要的积累模式。测量了弱的去极化值，如5％或更低的小去极化率所示。此外，激光雷达比没有明显的波长依赖性。激光雷达信号的反演提供了一组微物理特性，包括低于0.2μμm的颗粒有效半径，该半径小于以前观察到的老化烟雾颗粒的值。得出的折射率的实部和虚部分别约为1.5-1.6和0.02i。单次散射反照率在0.85至0.93之间；最后两个数量表明所观察到的颗粒的吸收特性不可忽略。

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