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Empirical calibrated radiocarbon sampler: a tool for incorporating radiocarbon-date and calibration error into Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of ancient DNA

机译:经验校准的放射性碳采样器:将放射性碳日期和校准误差纳入古代DNA的贝叶斯系统发育分析的工具

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摘要

Studies of DNA from ancient samples provide a valuable opportunity to gain insight into past evolutionary and demographic processes. Bayesian phylogenetic methods can estimate evolutionary rates and timescales from ancient DNA sequences, with the ages of the samples acting as calibrations for the molecular clock. Sample ages are often estimated using radiocarbon dating, but the associated measurement error is rarely taken into account. In addition, the total uncertainty quantified by converting radiocarbon dates to calendar dates is typically ignored. Here we present a tool for incorporating both of these sources of uncertainty into Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of ancient DNA. This empirical calibrated radiocarbon sampler (ECRS) integrates the age uncertainty for each ancient sequence over the calibrated probability density function estimated for its radiocarbon date and associated error. We use the ECRS to analyse three ancient DNA data sets. Accounting for radiocarbon-dating and calibration error appeared to have little impact on estimates of evolutionary rates and related parameters for these data sets. However, analyses of other data sets, particularly those with few or only very old radiocarbon dates, might be more sensitive to using artificially precise sample ages and should benefit from use of the ECRS.
机译:对来自古代样本的DNA的研究提供了宝贵的机会,可以深入了解过去的进化和人口统计过程。贝叶斯系统发育方法可以根据古代DNA序列估算进化速率和时间尺度,并将样品的年龄作为分子钟的标定。通常使用放射性碳测年法估算样品年龄,但很少考虑相关的测量误差。此外,通常会忽略通过将放射性碳日期转换为日历日期来量化的总不确定性。在这里,我们介绍了一种工具,用于将这两种不确定性因素纳入古代DNA的贝叶斯系统发育分析。该经验校准的放射性碳取样器(ECRS)将每个古代序列的年龄不确定性整合到针对其放射性碳日期和相关误差估算的校准概率密度函数上。我们使用ECRS分析三个古代DNA数据集。放射性碳测年和校准误差的计算似乎对这些数据集的演化速率和相关参数的估计影响很小。但是,对其他数据集的分析,尤其是那些放射性碳数据很少或仅非常旧的数据,可能对使用人工精确的样本年龄更为敏感,因此应该受益于ECRS的使用。

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