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Ecological Speciation in Nolina parviflora (Asparagaceae): Lacking Spatial Connectivity along of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

机译：Nolina parviflora（Asparagaceae）中的生态物种：跨墨西哥火山带缺乏空间连通性。

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The hypothesis of ecological speciation states that as populations diverge in different niches, reproductive isolation evolves as a by-product of adaptation to these different environments. In this context, we used Nolina parviflora as a model to test if this species evolved via ecological speciation and to explore current and historical gene flow among its populations. Nolina parviflora is a montane species endemic to Mexico with its geographical distribution restricted largely to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. This mountain range is one of the most complex geological regions in Mexico, having undergone volcanism from the mid-Miocene to the present. Ecologically, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt possesses different types of vegetation, including tropical dry forest; oak, pine, pine-oak, and pine-juniper forests; and xerophytic scrub - all of which maintain populations of N. parviflora. Using species distribution models, climatic analyses, spatial connectivity and morphological comparisons, we found significant differences in climatic and morphological variables between populations of N. parviflora in two distinct Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt regions (east vs. west). This could mean that the geographically isolated populations diverged from one another via niche divergence, indicating ecological speciation. Spatial connectivity analysis revealed no connectivity between these regions under the present or last glacial maximum climate models, indicating a lack of gene flow between the populations of the two regions. The results imply that these populations may encompass more than a single species.
机译：生态物种形成的假设表明，随着人口在不同的生态位中发生分化，生殖隔离是适应这些不同环境的副产品。在这种情况下，我们使用了Nolina parviflora作为模型来测试该物种是否通过生态物种进化而来，并探索其种群之间当前和历史的基因流动。 Nolina parviflora是墨西哥特有的山地物种，其地理分布主要限于跨墨西哥火山带。该山脉是墨西哥最复杂的地质地区之一，从中新世中期到现在经历了火山作用。从生态学上来说，跨墨西哥火山带拥有不同类型的植被，包括热带干旱森林。橡树，松树，松橡树和松杜松林；和旱生灌木丛-所有这些维持了小叶猪笼草的种群。使用物种分布模型，气候分析，空间连通性和形态比较，我们发现了两个不同的跨墨西哥火山带地区（东部与西部）的细小猪笼草种群之间气候和形态变量的显着差异。这可能意味着地理上孤立的种群通过生态位差异而彼此分开，表明生态物种形成。空间连通性分析显示，在当前或最近的冰川最大气候模式下，这些区域之间没有连通性，表明这两个区域的种群之间缺乏基因流动。结果表明，这些种群可能涵盖多个物种。

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