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Consequences of kriging and land use regression for PM2.5 predictions in epidemiologic analyses: Insights into spatial variability using high-resolution satellite data

机译:流行病学分析中PM2.5预测的克里金法和土地利用回归的后果:利用高分辨率卫星数据洞察空间变异性

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摘要

Many epidemiological studies use predicted air pollution exposures as surrogates for true air pollution levels. These predicted exposures contain exposure measurement error, yet simulation studies have typically found negligible bias in resulting health effect estimates. However, previous studies typically assumed a statistical spatial model for air pollution exposure, which may be oversimplified. We address this shortcoming by assuming a realistic, complex exposure surface derived from fine-scale (1km x 1km) remote-sensing satellite data. Using simulation, we evaluate the accuracy of epidemiological health effect estimates in linear and logistic regression when using spatial air pollution predictions from kriging and land use regression models. We examined chronic (long-term) and acute (short-term) exposure to air pollution. Results varied substantially across different scenarios. Exposure models with low out-of-sample R2 yielded severe biases in the health effect estimates of some models, ranging from 60% upward bias to 70% downward bias. One land use regression exposure model with greater than 0.9 out-of-sample R2 yielded upward biases up to 13% for acute health effect estimates. Almost all models drastically underestimated the standard errors. Land use regression models performed better in chronic effects simulations. These results can help researchers when interpreting health effect estimates in these types of studies.
机译:许多流行病学研究使用预测的空气污染暴露量作为实际空气污染水平的替代物。这些预测的暴露量包含暴露量测量误差,但是模拟研究通常发现,由此产生的健康影响估算值可忽略不计。但是,以前的研究通常假设空气污染暴露的统计空间模型可能被简化了。我们通过假设一个现实的,复杂的曝光表面来解决此缺点,该表面是从小型(1km x 1km)遥感卫星数据中得出的。通过使用模拟,我们使用克里金法和土地利用回归模型中的空间空气污染预测来评估线性和逻辑回归中流行病学健康影响估计的准确性。我们检查了长期(长期)和急性(短期)空气污染暴露。在不同情况下,结果差异很大。样本外R 2 较低的暴露模型在某些模型的健康影响估计中产生严重偏差,范围从60%向上偏差到70%向下偏差。一个样本中R 2 大于0.9的土地利用回归暴露模型对急性健康影响的估计产生了高达13%的向上偏差。几乎所有模型都严重低估了标准误差。土地利用回归模型在慢性影响模拟中表现更好。这些结果可以帮助研究人员在此类研究中解释健康影响评估。

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