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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior >Toward granting linguistic competence to apes: A review of Savage-Rumbaugh et al.s Language Comprehension in Ape and Child
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Toward granting linguistic competence to apes: A review of Savage-Rumbaugh et al.s Language Comprehension in Ape and Child

机译：努力提高猿的语言能力：Savage-Rumbaugh等人的猿和儿童的语言理解一书

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摘要

Savage-Rumbaugh et al.'s (1993) monograph describes a study that compared the language comprehension of an 8-year-old ape (a bonobo named Kanzi) with that of a normal 2-year-old human (Alia). The primary purpose of the research was to see if Kanzi could comprehend novel and compound spoken English commands without imitative prompts, contrived reinforcement contingencies, or explicit training procedures. As it turned out, Kanzi acquired a complex comprehension repertoire in a pattern similar to the human child's and even performed better than the human child in many cases. Although this review describes these empirical results favorably, it questions the authors' claim that the subjects learned the repertoire on their own, without reinforcement or training. A close examination of the subjects' histories and of the procedures, transcripts, and videos suggested that the training and testing procedures involved a number of independent variables and processes that were not discussed by the authors, including conditioned reinforcement and punishment, verbal prompts, stimulus control, establishing operations, and extinction. Nonetheless, the methodological and empirical contributions to ape and human language research are substantial and deserve behavior analysts' attention and support. Behavior analysts could contribute to this kind of research by applying the analytic and conceptual tools of behavior analysis in general and the concepts from Verbal Behavior (Skinner, 1957) in particular.
机译：Savage-Rumbaugh等人（1993年）的专着描述了一项研究，该研究将8岁猿（一种叫做Kanzi的bo黑猩猩）的语言理解与正常2岁人类（Alia）的语言理解进行了比较。该研究的主要目的是看看Kanzi是否能够在没有模仿提示，人为增援突发事件或明确的培训程序的情况下理解新颖和复合的英语口语命令。事实证明，康兹以类似于人类孩子的方式获得了复杂的理解力库，在许多情况下甚至比人类孩子表现更好。尽管此评价很好地描述了这些经验结果，但它质疑作者的主张，即受试者无需加强或训练即可自行学习曲目。对受试者的历史以及过程，成绩单和视频的仔细检查表明，培训和测试过程涉及作者未讨论的许多独立变量和过程，包括条件强化和惩罚，口头提示，刺激控制，建立行动并灭绝。但是，对于猿和人类语言研究的方法和经验上的贡献是巨大的，值得行为分析者的关注和支持。行为分析者可以通过总体上应用行为分析的分析和概念工具，尤其是口头行为的概念（Skinner，1957）来为这种研究做出贡献。

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