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Kernel-Machine Testing Coupled with a Rank-Truncation Method for Genetic Pathway Analysis

机译:核机器测试与秩截断方法相结合的遗传途径分析

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摘要

Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWASs) usually focus on single-marker analysis, which only accesses marginal effects. Pathway analysis, on the other hand, considers biological pathway-gene-marker hierarchical structure and therefore provides additional insights into the genetic architecture underlining complex diseases. Recently, a number of methods for pathway analysis have been proposed to assess the significance of a biological pathway from a collection of single nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we propose a novel approach for pathway analysis that assesses the effects of genes using the sequence-kernel-association test (SKAT) and the effects of pathways using an extended adaptive-rank-truncated product (ARTP) statistic. It has been increasingly recognized that complex diseases are caused by both common and rare variants. We propose a new weighting scheme for genetic variants across the whole allelic frequency spectrum to be analyzed together without any form of frequency cutoff for defining rare variants. The proposed approach is flexible. It is applicable to both binary and continuous traits, and incorporating covariates is easy. Furthermore, it can be readily applied to GWAS data, exome-sequencing data, and deep re-sequencing data. We evaluate the new approach on data simulated under comprehensive scenarios and show that it has the highest power in most of the scenarios while maintaining the correct Type I error rate. We also apply our proposed methodology to data from a study of the association between bipolar disorder and candidate pathways from WTCCC to show its utility.
机译:传统的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)通常侧重于仅进行边际效应的单标记分析。另一方面,途径分析考虑了生物途径-基因-标记层次结构,因此提供了对强调复杂疾病的遗传结构的更多见解。最近,已经提出了许多途径分析的方法,以评估来自单核苷酸多态性集合的生物途径的重要性。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种新的途径分析方法,该方法使用序列核相关试验(SKAT)评估基因的影响,并使用扩展的自适应秩和产物(ARTP)统计信息评估途径的影响。人们越来越认识到,复杂的疾病是由常见和罕见的变异引起的。我们为整个等位基因频谱上的遗传变异提出了一种新的加权方案,可以一起分析,而无需任何形式的频率截止来定义稀有变异。所提出的方法是灵活的。它适用于二进制特征和连续特征,并且合并协变量很容易。此外,它可以轻松应用于GWAS数据,外显子组测序数据和深度重测序数据。我们评估了在综合场景下模拟的数据的新方法,并表明它在大多数情况下具有最高的性能,同时保持正确的I类错误率。我们还将我们提出的方法应用于研究双相情感障碍与WTCCC候选途径之间关联的数据,以显示其效用。

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