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Relative Importance of Current and Past Landscape Structure and Local Habitat Conditions for Plant Species Richness in Dry Grassland-Like Forest Openings

机译：干旱草地样森林开放区当前和过去景观结构和当地生境条件对植物物种丰富度的相对重要性

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In fragmented landscapes, plant species richness may depend not only on local habitat conditions but also on landscape structure. In addition, both present and past landscape structure may be important for species richness. There are, however, only a few studies that have investigated the relative importance of all of these factors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of current and past landscape structures and habitat conditions on species richness at dry grassland-like forest openings in a forested landscape and to assess their relative importance for species richness. We analyzed information on past and present landscape structures using aerial photographs from 1938, 1973, 1988, 2000 and 2007. We calculated the area of each locality and its isolation in the present and in the past and the continuity of localities in GIS. At each locality, we recorded all vascular plant species (296 species in 110 forest openings) and information on abiotic conditions of the localities. We found that the current species richness of the forest openings was significantly determined by local habitat conditions as well as by landscape structure in the present and in the past. The highest species richness was observed on larger and more heterogeneous localities with rocks and shallow soils, which were already large and well connected to other localities in 1938. The changes in the landscape structure in the past can thus have strong effects on current species richness. Future studies attempting to understand determinants of species diversity in fragmented landscapes should also include data on past landscape structure, as it may in fact be more important than the present structure.
机译：在零散的景观中，植物物种的丰富程度不仅取决于当地的栖息地条件，还取决于景观结构。此外，现在和过去的景观结构对于物种丰富度可能都很重要。但是，只有少数研究调查了所有这些因素的相对重要性。这项研究的目的是研究森林景观中类似草原的干燥森林开放处当前和过去的景观结构和生境条件对物种丰富度的影响，并评估它们对物种丰富度的相对重要性。我们使用1938年，1973年，1988年，2000年和2007年的航拍照片分析了过去和现在的景观结构信息。我们计算了现在和过去每个地区的面积及其孤立性，以及GIS中各个地区的连续性。在每个地方，我们记录了所有维管束植物物种（在110个森林林地中有296种）和有关该地区非生物条件的信息。我们发现，当前和过去，森林开阔度的当前物种丰富度很大程度上取决于当地的栖息地条件以及景观结构。在较大且异质性较大的岩石和浅层土壤地区观察到物种丰富度最高，该地区在1938年已经很大并与其他地区紧密相连。过去的景观结构变化因此可以对当前物种丰富度产生强烈影响。未来的研究试图了解零散景观中物种多样性的决定因素，也应包括过去景观结构的数据，因为它实际上可能比当前结构更重要。

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