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Diverse Gastropod Hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis the Rat Lungworm Globally and with a Focus on the Hawaiian Islands

机译：在全球范围内以夏威夷群岛为中心的广东圆线虫大鼠肺虫的腹足纲宿主

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摘要

Eosinophilic meningitis caused by the parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emerging infectious disease with recent outbreaks primarily in tropical and subtropical locations around the world, including Hawaii. Humans contract the disease primarily through ingestion of infected gastropods, the intermediate hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Effective prevention of the disease and control of the spread of the parasite require a thorough understanding of the parasite's hosts, including their distributions, as well as the human and environmental factors that contribute to transmission. The aim of this study was to screen a large cross section of gastropod species throughout the main Hawaiian Islands to determine which act as hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and to assess the parasite loads in these species. Molecular screening of 7 native and 30 non-native gastropod species revealed the presence of the parasite in 16 species (2 native, 14 non-native). Four of the species tested are newly recorded hosts, two species introduced to Hawaii (Oxychilus alliarius, Cyclotropis sp.) and two native species (Philonesia sp., Tornatellides sp.). Those species testing positive were from a wide diversity of heterobranch taxa as well as two distantly related caenogastropod taxa. Review of the global literature showed that many gastropod species from 34 additional families can also act as hosts. There was a wide range of parasite loads among and within species, with an estimated maximum of 2.8 million larvae in one individual of Laevicaulis alte. This knowledge of the intermediate host range of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and the range of parasite loads will permit more focused efforts to detect, monitor and control the most important hosts, thereby improving disease prevention in Hawaii as well as globally.
机译：由寄生线虫广州管圆线虫引起的嗜酸性脑膜炎是一种新兴的传染病，近期爆发主要在包括夏威夷在内的热带和亚热带地区发生。人类主要通过摄入被感染的腹足动物来感染该病，腹足动物是广州圆管圆线虫的中间宿主。要有效地预防疾病和控制寄生虫的传播，就需要对寄生虫的宿主（包括它们的分布）以及有助于传播的人为因素和环境因素有透彻的了解。这项研究的目的是在整个夏威夷主岛上筛选大腹足纲物种的横截面，以确定哪些物种充当广州血管圆线虫的寄主，并评估这些物种中的寄生虫负荷。对7种天然和30种非天然腹足动​​物进行分子筛查发现，该寄生虫存在于16种（2种天然，14种非天然）中。测试的物种中有四个是新记录的寄主，两个传入夏威夷（Oxychilus alliarius，Cyclotropis sp。），两个原生物种（Philonesia sp。，Tornatellides sp。）。这些测试结果呈阳性的物种来自各种各样的异枝分类单元以及两个远缘相关的caenogastropod分类单元。对全球文献的回顾表明，来自另外34个科的许多腹足动物也可以作为寄主。物种内部和内部的寄生虫种类繁多，据估计，一个单独的Laevicaulis alte中的幼虫最大为280万只。对广州管圆线虫中间寄主范围和寄生虫负荷范围的了解将使人们能够更加集中精力检测，监测和控制最重要的寄主，从而改善夏威夷乃至全球的疾病预防能力。

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