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Identification of Priority Conservation Areas and Potential Corridors for Jaguars in the Caatinga Biome Brazil

机译：确定巴西Caatinga生物群落中美洲虎的优先保护区和潜在走廊

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摘要

The jaguar, Panthera onca, is a top predator with the extant population found within the Brazilian Caatinga biome now known to be on the brink of extinction. Designing new conservation units and potential corridors are therefore crucial for the long-term survival of the species within the Caatinga biome. Thus, our aims were: 1) to recognize suitable areas for jaguar occurrence, 2) to delineate areas for jaguar conservation (PJCUs), 3) to design corridors among priority areas, and 4) to prioritize PJCUs. A total of 62 points records of jaguar occurrence and 10 potential predictors were analyzed in a GIS environment. A predictive distributional map was obtained using Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) as performed by the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) algorithm. Areas equal to or higher than the median suitability value of 0.595 were selected as of high suitability for jaguar occurrence and named as Priority Jaguar Conservation Units (PJCU). Ten PJCUs with sizes varying from 23.6 km2 to 4,311.0 km2 were identified. Afterwards, we combined the response curve, as generated by SDM, and expert opinions to create a permeability matrix and to identify least cost corridors and buffer zones between each PJCU pair. Connectivity corridors and buffer zone for jaguar movement included an area of 8.884,26 km2 and the total corridor length is about 160.94 km. Prioritizing criteria indicated the PJCU representing c.a. 68.61% of the total PJCU area (PJCU # 1) as of high priority for conservation and connectivity with others PJCUs (PJCUs # 4, 5 and 7) desirable for the long term survival of the species. In conclusion, by using the jaguar as a focal species and combining SDM and expert opinion we were able to create a valid framework for practical conservation actions at the Caatinga biome. The same approach could be used for the conservation of other carnivores.
机译：美洲虎（Panthera onca）是最主要的掠食者，在巴西Caatinga生物群落内发现的现存种群目前已濒临灭绝。因此，设计新的保护单位和潜在的走廊对于Caatinga生物群落内物种的长期生存至关重要。因此，我们的目标是：1）识别适合美洲虎发生的区域，2）划定美洲虎保护区（PJCU），3）在优先区域之间设计走廊，以及4）优先考虑美洲豹保护区。在GIS环境中分析了美洲虎发生的62个点记录和10个潜在的预测变量。通过最大熵（Maxent）算法执行的物种分布建模（SDM）获得了预测分布图。选择的中美洲适宜性值等于或大于0.595的区域具有较高的美洲虎发生率，并将其命名为优先美洲虎保护单位（PJCU）。确定了十个大小从23.6 km 2 到4,311.0 km 2 的PJCU。之后，我们结合了SDM生成的响应曲线和专家意见，以创建渗透率矩阵，并确定每个PJCU对之间的成本最低的走廊和缓冲区。美洲虎运动的连通走廊和缓冲区包括8.884.26 km 2 ，走廊的总长度约为160.94 km。优先标准表明PJCU代表c.a.保护和与其他PJCU（PJCU＃4、5和7）保持高度优先关系的PJCU总面积（PJCU＃1）的68.61％是该物种的长期生存所需要的。总之，通过将美洲虎作为重点物种，并将SDM与专家意见相结合，我们能够为Caatinga生物群落的实际保护行动创建有效的框架。可以将相同的方法用于其他食肉动物的保存。

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