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Unexpectedly Low Rangewide Population Genetic Structure of the Imperiled Eastern Box Turtle Terrapene c. carolina

机译：受威胁的东部盒子乌龟萜的异常低范围内的种群遗传结构。卡罗莱纳州

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摘要

Rangewide studies of genetic parameters can elucidate patterns and processes that operate only over large geographic scales. Herein, we present a rangewide population genetic assessment of the eastern box turtle Terrapene c. carolina, a species that is in steep decline across its range. To inform conservation planning for this species, we address the hypothesis that disruptions to demographic and movement parameters associated with the decline of the eastern box turtle has resulted in distinctive genetic signatures in the form of low genetic diversity, high population structuring, and decreased gene flow. We used microsatellite genotype data from (n = 799) individuals from across the species range to perform two Bayesian population assignment approaches, two methods for comparing historical and contemporary migration among populations, an evaluation of isolation by distance, and a method for detecting barriers to gene flow. Both Bayesian methods of population assignment indicated that there are two populations rangewide, both of which have maintained high levels of genetic diversity (HO = 0.756). Evidence of isolation by distance was detected in this species at a spatial scale of 300 – 500 km, and the Appalachian Mountains were identified as the primary barrier to gene flow across the species range. We also found evidence for historical but not contemporary migration between populations. Our prediction of many, highly structured populations across the range was not supported. This may point to cryptic contemporary gene flow, which might in turn be explained by the presence of rare transients in populations. However these data may be influenced by historical signatures of genetic connectivity because individuals of this species can be long-lived.
机译：范围广泛的遗传参数研究可以阐明仅在较大地理范围内起作用的模式和过程。在这里，我们提出了对东部箱龟Terrapene c的范围广泛的种群遗传评估。卡罗来纳州，在其整个范围内急剧下降的物种。为了为该物种的保护规划提供信息，我们提出以下假说：与东部盒龟的衰退有关的人口统计和运动参数受到破坏，以低遗传多样性，高种群结构和基因流减少的形式导致了独特的遗传特征。 。我们使用了来自整个物种范围的（n = 799）个个体的微卫星基因型数据，以执行两种贝叶斯种群分配方法，两种用于比较种群之间历史和当代迁徙的方法，按距离隔离的评估方法以及一种检测障碍的方法。基因流。两种贝叶斯人口分配方法均表明，在整个范围内有两个种群，这两个种群均保持了高水平的遗传多样性（HO = 0.756）。该物种在300-500 km的空间尺度上发现了通过距离隔离的证据，阿巴拉契亚山脉被确定为跨物种范围的基因流动的主要障碍。我们还发现了人口之间历史迁移而非当代迁移的证据。我们对该范围内许多高度结构化的人口的预测没有得到支持。这可能指向当代的神秘基因流，而这又可以通过种群中罕见的瞬态现象的存在来解释。但是，这些数据可能会受到遗传连通性的历史特征的影响，因为该物种的个体可以长寿。

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