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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Differences in Visuo-Motor Control in Skilled vs. Novice Martial Arts Athletes during Sustained and Transient Attention Tasks: A Motor-Related Cortical Potential Study
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Differences in Visuo-Motor Control in Skilled vs. Novice Martial Arts Athletes during Sustained and Transient Attention Tasks: A Motor-Related Cortical Potential Study

机译：技能和新手武术运动员在持续和短暂注意任务中的视觉运动控制差异：与运动有关的皮层电位研究

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Cognitive and motor processes are essential for optimal athletic performance. Individuals trained in different skills and sports may have specialized cognitive abilities and motor strategies related to the characteristics of the activity and the effects of training and expertise. Most studies have investigated differences in motor-related cortical potential (MRCP) during self-paced tasks in athletes but not in stimulus-related tasks. The aim of the present study was to identify the differences in performance and MRCP between skilled and novice martial arts athletes during two different types of tasks: a sustained attention task and a transient attention task. Behavioral and electrophysiological data from twenty-two martial arts athletes were obtained while they performed a continuous performance task (CPT) to measure sustained attention and a cued continuous performance task (c-CPT) to measure transient attention. MRCP components were analyzed and compared between groups. Electrophysiological data in the CPT task indicated larger prefrontal positive activity and greater posterior negativity distribution prior to a motor response in the skilled athletes, while novices showed a significantly larger response-related P3 after a motor response in centro-parietal areas. A different effect occurred in the c-CPT task in which the novice athletes showed strong prefrontal positive activity before a motor response and a large response-related P3, while in skilled athletes, the prefrontal activity was absent. We propose that during the CPT, skilled athletes were able to allocate two different but related processes simultaneously according to CPT demand, which requires controlled attention and controlled motor responses. On the other hand, in the c-CPT, skilled athletes showed better cue facilitation, which permitted a major economy of resources and “automatic” or less controlled responses to relevant stimuli. In conclusion, the present data suggest that motor expertise enhances neural flexibility and allows better adaptation of cognitive control to the requested task.
机译：认知和运动过程对于最佳运动表现至关重要。受过不同技能和运动训练的个人可能具有与活动特征以及培训和专业知识的影响有关的专门的认知能力和运动策略。大多数研究调查了运动员自定进度任务中运动相关皮层电位（MRCP）的差异，但与刺激性任务无关。本研究的目的是确定技能和新手武术运动员在两种不同任务类型下的表现和MRCP的差异：持续注意力任务和短暂注意力任务。从22名武术运动员的行为和电生理数据中，他们分别进行了持续表现任务（CPT）和持续性暗示任务（c-CPT）的测量，以衡量持续的注意力。分析并比较各组的MRCP组件。 CPT任务中的电生理数据表明，熟练运动员在运动反应之前具有较大的前额叶正向活动性和较大的后负分布，而新手在中心顶区的运动反应后显示与反应性相关的P3明显更大。在c-CPT任务中发生了不同的效果，在该任务中，新手运动员在运动反应和与反应相关的P3较大之前显示出很强的前额叶正面活动，而在熟练运动员中，前额叶活动不存在。我们建议在CPT期间，熟练的运动员能够根据CPT的需求同时分配两个不同但相关的过程，这需要受控的注意力和受控的运动反应。另一方面，在c-CPT中，熟练的运动员显示出更好的提示提示，这可以节省大量资源，并且对相关刺激采取“自动”或较少控制的反应。总之，目前的数据表明，运动技能可以增强神经灵活性，并使认知控制更好地适应所请求的任务。

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