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Increased Mortality Exposure within the Family Rather than Individual Mortality Experiences Triggers Faster Life-History Strategies in Historic Human Populations

机译：家庭内的死亡率增加而不是个人的死亡率经历触发了历史人口中更快的生活史策略

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Life History Theory predicts that extrinsic mortality risk is one of the most important factors shaping (human) life histories. Evidence from contemporary populations suggests that individuals confronted with high mortality environments show characteristic traits of fast life-history strategies: they marry and reproduce earlier, have shorter birth intervals and invest less in their offspring. However, little is known of the impact of mortality experiences on the speed of life histories in historical human populations with generally higher mortality risk, and on male life histories in particular. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether individual-level mortality experiences within the family have a greater effect on life-history decisions or family membership explains life-history variation.In a comparative approach using event history analyses, we study the impact of family versus individual-level effects of mortality exposure on two central life-history parameters, ages at first marriage and first birth, in three historical human populations (Germany, Finland, Canada). Mortality experience is measured as the confrontation with sibling deaths within the natal family up to an individual's age of 15.Results show that the speed of life histories is not adjusted according to individual-level mortality experiences but is due to family-level effects. The general finding of lower ages at marriage/reproduction after exposure to higher mortality in the family holds for both females and males. This study provides evidence for the importance of the family environment for reproductive timing while individual-level mortality experiences seem to play only a minor role in reproductive life history decisions in humans.

机译：生命史理论预测，外部死亡风险是影响（人类）生命史的最重要因素之一。当代人群的证据表明，面对高死亡率环境的人表现出快速的生活史策略的特征：他们结婚和繁殖的时间更早，生育间隔更短，对后代的投入更少。但是，关于死亡率经验对具有较高死亡率风险的历史人口的生活史速度的影响，尤其是对男性生活史的影响知之甚少。此外，尚不清楚家庭中个人水平的死亡经历是否会对生活史决定产生更大影响，还是家庭成员身份可以解释生活史变异。在使用事件历史分析的比较方法中，我们研究了家庭与个人-在三个历史人口中（德国，芬兰，加拿大），死亡率暴露对两个主要的生活史参数（初婚和初生年龄）的水平影响。死亡率经验被衡量为与15岁以下新生儿家庭中兄弟姐妹死亡的对抗性。结果表明，生活史的速度并没有根据个体水平的死亡经验进行调整，而是由于家庭水平的影响。在家庭中暴露于较高死亡率后，结婚/生育年龄较低的普遍发现对女性和男性均成立。这项研究为家庭环境对于生殖时间的重要性提供了证据，而个人水平的死亡经历似乎在人类生殖生活史的决策中仅扮演了次要的角色。

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Charlotte Störmer; Virpi Lummaa;
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年(卷),期 -1(9),1
年度 -1
页码 e83633
总页数 9
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机译：家庭内而不是个人的死亡经历增加的死亡率触发了历史人口中更快的生活史策略
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Increased Mortality Exposure within the Family Rather than Individual Mortality Experiences Triggers Faster Life-History Strategies in Historic Human Populations

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