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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior >PIGEONS (COLUMBA LIVIA) APPROACH NASH EQUILIBRIUM IN EXPERIMENTAL MATCHING PENNIES COMPETITIONS
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PIGEONS (COLUMBA LIVIA) APPROACH NASH EQUILIBRIUM IN EXPERIMENTAL MATCHING PENNIES COMPETITIONS

机译：鸽子（哥伦布·利维阿）在实验配对宾夕法尼亚州比赛中接近纳什平衡

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摘要

The game of Matching Pennies (MP), a simplified version of the more popular Rock, Papers, Scissors, schematically represents competitions between organisms with incentives to predict each other's behavior. Optimal performance in iterated MP competitions involves the production of random choice patterns and the detection of nonrandomness in the opponent's choices. The purpose of this study was to replicate systematic deviations from optimal choice observed in humans when playing MP, and to establish whether suboptimal performance was better described by a modified linear learning model or by a more cognitively sophisticated reinforcement-tracking model. Two pairs of pigeons played iterated MP competitions; payoffs for successful choices (e.g., “Rock” vs. “Scissors”) varied within experimental sessions and across experimental conditions, and were signaled by visual stimuli. Pigeons' behavior adjusted to payoff matrices; divergences from optimal play were analogous to those usually demonstrated by humans, except for the tendency of pigeons to persist on prior choices. Suboptimal play was well characterized by a linear learning model of the kind widely used to describe human performance. This linear learning model may thus serve as default account of competitive performance against which the imputation of cognitively sophisticated processes can be evaluated.
机译：Matching Pennies（MP）游戏是更流行的Rock，Papers，剪刀的简化版本，示意性地表示了生物之间的竞争，并具有相互预测彼此行为的诱因。反复进行的MP比赛中的最佳表现包括产生随机选择模式以及检测对手选择中的非随机性。这项研究的目的是复制与演奏MP时在人类中观察到的最佳选择之间的系统偏差，并确定通过改进的线性学习模型还是通过认知上更复杂的强化跟踪模型更好地描述次优表现。两对鸽子参加了反复的MP比赛；成功选择（例如“ Rock”和“ Scissors”）的回报在实验时段和实验条件之间有所不同，并且通过视觉刺激来发出信号。调整鸽子的行为以适应支付矩阵；最佳比赛的发散类似于人类通常所表现出的发散，只是鸽子倾向于在先前的选择上坚持下去。次优游戏的特点是广泛用于描述人类表现的线性学习模型。因此，该线性学习模型可以用作竞争绩效的默认帐户，通过该帐户可以评估认知复杂过程的估算。

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