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Physiological Protein Aggregation Run Amuck: Stress Granules and the Genesis of Neurodegenerative Disease

机译:生理蛋白聚集运行Amuck:压力颗粒和神经退行性疾病的发生。

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摘要

Recent advances in neurodegenerative diseases point to novel mechanisms of protein aggregation. RNA binding proteins are abundant in the nucleus, where they carry out processes such as RNA splicing. Neurons also express RNA binding proteins in the cytoplasm and processes to enable functions such as mRNA transport and local protein synthesis. The biology of RNA binding proteins turns out to have important features that appear to promote the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and might contribute to other neurodegenerative disease. RNA binding proteins consolidate transcripts to form complexes, termed RNA granules, through a process of physiological aggregation mediated by glycine rich domains that exhibit low protein complexity and in some cases share homology to similar domains in known prion proteins. Under conditions of cell stress these RNA granules expand, leading to form stress granules, which function in part to sequester specialized transcript and promote translation of protective proteins. Studies in humans show that pathological aggregates occurring in ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias co-localize with stress granules. One increasingly appealing hypothesis is that mutations in RNA binding proteins or prolonged periods of stress cause formation of very stable, pathological stress granules. The consolidation of RNA binding proteins away from the nucleus and neuronal arbors into pathological stress granules might impair the normal physiological activities of these RNA binding proteins causing the neurodegeneration associated with these diseases. Conversely, therapeutic strategies focusing on reducing formation of pathological stress granules might be neuroprotective.
机译:神经退行性疾病的最新进展指出了蛋白质聚集的新机制。 RNA结合蛋白在细胞核中丰富,在细胞核中它们执行诸如RNA剪接的过程。神经元还在细胞质和过程中表达RNA结合蛋白,以实现诸如mRNA转运和局部蛋白合成等功能。事实证明,RNA结合蛋白的生物学特性具有重要特征,似乎可以促进肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的病理生理,并可能导致其他神经退行性疾病。 RNA结合蛋白通过由富含甘氨酸的结构域介导的生理聚集过程,将转录物整合成复合物,称为RNA颗粒,这些结构域显示出较低的蛋白复杂性,在某些情况下与已知病毒蛋白的相似结构域具有同源性。在细胞应激条件下,这些RNA颗粒会膨胀,从而形成应激颗粒,这些颗粒的一部分起隔离特定转录物的作用,并促进保护性蛋白质的翻译。对人体的研究表明,发生在ALS,阿尔茨海默氏病和其他痴呆症中的病理性聚集体与应激颗粒共同定位。一种越来越有吸引力的假说是RNA结合蛋白中的突变或长时间的应激会导致形成非常稳定的病理性应激颗粒。 RNA结合蛋白从核和神经元乔木中整合到病理性应激颗粒中可能会损害这些RNA结合蛋白的正常生理活性,从而导致与这些疾病相关的神经变性。相反,专注于减少病理性应激颗粒形成的治疗策略可能具有神经保护作用。

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    Benjamin Wolozin;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(17),91
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 47–52
  • 总页数 9
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