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Simulating and explaining passive air sampling rates for semi-volatile compounds on polyurethane foam passive samplers

机译:模拟和解释聚氨酯泡沫被动采样器上半挥发性化合物的被动空气采样率

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摘要

Passive air samplers (PAS) including polyurethane foam (PUF) are widely deployed as an inexpensive and practical way to sample semi-volatile pollutants. However, concentration estimates from PAS rely on constant empirical mass transfer rates, which add unquantified uncertainties to concentrations. Here we present a method for modeling hourly sampling rates for semi-volatile compounds from hourly meteorology using first-principle chemistry, physics, and fluid dynamics, calibrated from depuration experiments. This approach quantifies and explains observed effects of meteorology on variability in compound-specific sampling rates and analyte concentrations; simulates nonlinear PUF uptake; and recovers synthetic hourly concentrations at a reference temperature. Sampling rates are evaluated for polychlorinated biphenyl congeners at a network of Harner model samplers in Chicago, Illinois during 2008, finding simulated average sampling rates within analytical uncertainty of those determined from loss of depuration compounds, and confirming quasi-linear uptake. Results indicate hourly, daily and interannual variability in sampling rates, sensitivity to temporal resolution in meteorology, and predictable volatility-based relationships between congeners. We quantify importance of each simulated process to sampling rates and mass transfer and assess uncertainty contributed by advection, molecular diffusion, volatilization, and flow regime within the PAS, finding PAS chamber temperature contributes the greatest variability to total process uncertainty (7.3%).
机译:包括聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)在内的被动式空气采样器(PAS)被广泛部署为一种廉价且实用的半挥发性污染物采样方法。但是,PAS的浓度估算值依赖于恒定的经验传质速率,这给浓度增加了未量化的不确定性。在这里,我们介绍了一种方法,该方法使用第一原理化学,物理和流体动力学从每小时的气象学中对半挥发性化合物的每小时采样率进行建模,并通过净化实验进行了校准。这种方法量化并解释了气象学对化合物特异性采样率和分析物浓度变化的影响。模拟非线性PUF吸收;并在参考温度下恢复每小时的合成浓度。在2008年伊利诺伊州芝加哥市哈纳(Harner)模型采样器网络中对多氯联苯同源物的采样率进行了评估,发现模拟平均采样率在分析不确定性的范围内,这些不确定性是由净化化合物的损失确定的,并确定了准线性吸收。结果表明采样率的每小时,每日和年度变化,气象学对时间分辨率的敏感性以及同类之间基于可预测的波动性的关系。我们量化了每个模拟过程对采样率和传质的重要性,并评估了PAS中对流,分子扩散,挥发和流动状态所带来的不确定性,发现PAS腔室温度对总过程不确定性的影响最大(7.3%)。

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