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Continuity of Microblade Technology in the Indian Subcontinent Since 45 ka: Implications for the Dispersal of Modern Humans

机译：自45 ka以来印度次大陆微刀片技术的连续性：对现代人类扩散的影响

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摘要

We extend the continuity of microblade technology in the Indian Subcontinent to 45 ka, on the basis of optical dating of microblade assemblages from the site of Mehtakheri, (22° 13' 44″ N Lat 76° 01' 36″ E Long) in Madhya Pradesh, India. Microblade technology in the Indian Subcontinent is continuously present from its first appearance until the Iron Age (~3 ka), making its association with modern humans undisputed. It has been suggested that microblade technology in the Indian Subcontinent was developed locally by modern humans after 35 ka. The dates reported here from Mehtakheri show this inference to be untenable and suggest alternatively that this technology arrived in the Indian Subcontinent with the earliest modern humans. It also shows that modern humans in Indian Subcontinent and SE Asia were associated with differing technologies and this calls into question the “southern dispersal” route of modern humans from Africa through India to SE Asia and then to Australia. We suggest that modern humans dispersed from Africa in two stages coinciding with the warmer interglacial conditions of MIS 5 and MIS 3. Competitive interactions between African modern humans and Indian archaics who shared an adaptation to tropical environments differed from that between modern humans and archaics like Neanderthals and Denisovans, who were adapted to temperate environments. Thus, while modern humans expanded into temperate regions during warmer climates, their expansion into tropical regions, like the Indian Subcontinent, in competition with similarly adapted populations, occurred during arid climates. Thus modern humans probably entered the Indian Subcontinent during the arid climate of MIS 4 coinciding with their disappearance from the Middle East and Northern Africa. The out of phase expansion of modern humans into tropical versus temperate regions has been one of the factors affecting the dispersal of modern humans from Africa during the period 200–40 ka.
机译：我们根据印度中央邦（Mehtakheri）（22°13'44″ N Lat 76°01'36″ E Long）地点的微刀片组件的光学定年，将印度次大陆的微刀片技术的连续性扩展到45 ka。印度邦。从首次出现到铁器时代（约3 ka），印度次大陆的微刀片技术一直持续存在，这使其与现代人类的联系无可争议。有人提出，印度次大陆的微刀片技术是现代人类在35 ka之后在本地开发的。梅赫塔赫里（Mehtakheri）此处报道的日期表明这一推论是站不住脚的，或者表明该技术最早出现在现代人类的印度次大陆。这也表明，印度次大陆和东南亚的现代人类与不同的技术相关联，这使人们质疑现代人类从非洲通过印度到东南亚再到澳大利亚的“南扩散”路线。我们建议现代人分两个阶段从非洲散布，这与MIS 5和MIS 3的冰川间温度升高相吻合。非洲现代人与共享适应热带环境的印度古人之间的竞争性相互作用不同于现代人与尼安德特人等古人之间的竞争性相互作用。和适应气候变化的Denisovans。因此，尽管现代人在温暖的气候下向温带地区扩张，但在干旱的气候下却与类似适应的人口竞争，向印度次大陆等热带地区扩张。因此，现代人可能在MIS 4干旱的气候中进入印度次大陆，这与他们从中东和北非的消失相吻合。现代人类向热带地区和温带地区的异相扩展一直是影响现代人类从200到40 ka期间从非洲扩散的因素之一。

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