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Anthropogenic Resource Subsidies Determine Space Use by Australian Arid Zone Dingoes: An Improved Resource Selection Modelling Approach

机译：人为的资源补贴决定了澳大利亚干旱区野狗的空间使用：一种改进的资源选择建模方法

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Dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) were introduced to Australia and became feral at least 4,000 years ago. We hypothesized that dingoes, being of domestic origin, would be adaptable to anthropogenic resource subsidies and that their space use would be affected by the dispersion of those resources. We tested this by analyzing Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) developed from GPS fixes (locations) of dingoes in arid central Australia. Using Generalized Linear Mixed-effect Models (GLMMs), we investigated resource relationships for dingoes that had access to abundant food near mine facilities, and for those that did not. From these models, we predicted the probability of dingo occurrence in relation to anthropogenic resource subsidies and other habitat characteristics over ∼ 18,000 km2. Very small standard errors and subsequent pervasively high P-values of results will become more important as the size of data sets, such as our GPS tracking logs, increases. Therefore, we also investigated methods to minimize the effects of serial and spatio-temporal correlation among samples and unbalanced study designs. Using GLMMs, we accounted for some of the correlation structure of GPS animal tracking data; however, parameter standard errors remained very small and all predictors were highly significant. Consequently, we developed an alternative approach that allowed us to review effect sizes at different spatial scales and determine which predictors were sufficiently ecologically meaningful to include in final RSF models. We determined that the most important predictor for dingo occurrence around mine sites was distance to the refuse facility. Away from mine sites, close proximity to human-provided watering points was predictive of dingo dispersion as were other landscape factors including palaeochannels, rocky rises and elevated drainage depressions. Our models demonstrate that anthropogenically supplemented food and water can alter dingo-resource relationships. The spatial distribution of such resources is therefore critical for the conservation and management of dingoes and other top predators.
机译：野狗（Canis lupus dingo）被引入澳大利亚，并在至少4,000年前成为野生动物。我们假设，本土的野狗将适应人为的资源补贴，而这些空间的散布将影响它们的空间使用。我们通过分析在澳大利亚中部干旱地区的流浪者的GPS定位（位置）开发的资源选择功能（RSF）对此进行了测试。使用广义线性混合效应模型（GLMM），我们调查了能够在矿山设施附近获得丰富食物的野狗与那些没有机会获得这种食物的野狗的资源关系。从这些模型中，我们预测了在约18,000 km 2 上与人为资源补贴和其他栖息地特征相关的丁狗发生的可能性。随着数据集（例如我们的GPS跟踪日志）的大小增加，非常小的标准误差和随之而来的普遍较高的结果P值将变得越来越重要。因此，我们还研究了使样本和不平衡研究设计之间的序列和时空相关性影响最小化的方法。使用GLMM，我们解释了GPS动物跟踪数据的一些相关结构；但是，参数标准误差仍然很小，并且所有预测变量都非常重要。因此，我们开发了一种替代方法，使我们能够审查不同空间尺度上的效应量，并确定哪些预测因子具有足够的生态学意义，可以纳入最终的RSF模型。我们确定，在矿场附近发生毒o最重要的预测因素是与垃圾设施的距离。远离矿区，靠近人类提供的饮水点可预示丁哥河的扩散，其他景观因素包括古河道，岩石隆起和排水沟升高也可预测。我们的模型表明，人为补充的食物和水可以改变人类的丁戈资源关系。因此，这种资源的空间分布对于野狗和其他顶级捕食者的保护和管理至关重要。

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