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Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses on the Competitive Ability of Multiple Herbicide Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

机译：生物和非生物胁迫对多种抗除草剂野燕麦（Avena fatua）竞争能力的影响

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摘要

Ecological theory predicts that fitness costs of herbicide resistance should lead to the reduced relative abundance of resistant populations upon the cessation of herbicide use. This greenhouse research investigated the potential fitness costs of two multiple herbicide resistant (MHR) wild oat (Avena fatua) populations, an economically important weed that affects cereal and pulse crop production in the Northern Great Plains of North America. We compared the competitive ability of two MHR and two herbicide susceptible (HS) A. fatua populations along a gradient of biotic and abiotic stresses The biotic stress was imposed by three levels of wheat (Triticum aestivum) competition (0, 4, and 8 individuals pot−1) and an abiotic stress by three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha−1). Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models and results showed that the biomass of all A. fatua populations decreased with increasing T. aestivum competition at all N rates. Similarly, A. fatua relative growth rate (RGR) decreased with increasing T. aestivum competition at the medium and high N rates but there was no response with 0 N. There were no differences between the levels of biomass or RGR of HS and MHR populations in response to T. aestivum competition. Overall, the results indicate that MHR does not confer growth-related fitness costs in these A. fatua populations, and that their relative abundance will not be diminished with respect to HS populations in the absence of herbicide treatment.
机译：生态学理论预测，在停止使用除草剂后，除草剂抗性的适应性成本应导致抗性种群的相对丰度降低。这项温室研究调查了两个多重除草剂抗性（MHR）野燕麦（Avena fatua）种群的潜在适应成本，这是一种重要的杂草，会影响北美北部大平原的谷物和豆类作物的生产。我们比较了两个MHR和两个易受除草剂（HS）的A. fatua种群沿着生物和非生物胁迫梯度的竞争能力。生物胁迫是由三个水平的小麦（Triticum aestivum）竞争（0、4和8个个体）施加的pot −1 ）和三种氮（N）施肥速率（0、50和100 kg N ha -1 ）引起的非生物胁迫。用线性混合效应模型对数据进行分析，结果表明，在所有氮肥施用量下，所有小麦曲霉种群的生物量都随着普通小麦竞争的增加而降低。同样，中，高氮水平下，随着小麦竞争的增加，脂肪曲霉相对生长率（RGR）降低，但在0 N时无反应。HS和MHR种群的生物量或RGR水平没有差异为应对普通小麦竞争。总体而言，结果表明，MHR不会在这些A. fatua种群中带来与生长相关的适应性成本，并且在没有除草剂治疗的情况下，相对于HS种群，它们的相对丰度不会降低。

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