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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Children’s Phthalate Intakes and Resultant Cumulative Exposures Estimated from Urine Compared with Estimates from Dust Ingestion Inhalation and Dermal Absorption in Their Homes and Daycare Centers
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Children’s Phthalate Intakes and Resultant Cumulative Exposures Estimated from Urine Compared with Estimates from Dust Ingestion Inhalation and Dermal Absorption in Their Homes and Daycare Centers

机译：用尿液估算儿童的邻苯二甲酸盐摄入量和由此产生的累积暴露量并将其在家中和日托中心的粉尘摄入吸入和皮肤吸收估算值相比较

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Total daily intakes of diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DnBP), di(isobutyl) phthalate (DiBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were calculated from phthalate metabolite levels measured in the urine of 431 Danish children between 3 and 6 years of age. For each child the intake attributable to exposures in the indoor environment via dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption were estimated from the phthalate levels in the dust collected from the child’s home and daycare center. Based on the urine samples, DEHP had the highest total daily intake (median: 4.42 µg/d/kg-bw) and BBzP the lowest (median: 0.49 µg/d/kg-bw). For DEP, DnBP and DiBP, exposures to air and dust in the indoor environment accounted for approximately 100%, 15% and 50% of the total intake, respectively, with dermal absorption from the gas-phase being the major exposure pathway. More than 90% of the total intake of BBzP and DEHP came from sources other than indoor air and dust. Daily intake of DnBP and DiBP from all exposure pathways, based on levels of metabolites in urine samples, exceeded the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for 22 and 23 children, respectively. Indoor exposures resulted in an average daily DiBP intake that exceeded the TDI for 14 children. Using the concept of relative cumulative Tolerable Daily Intake (TDIcum), which is applicable for phthalates that have established TDIs based on the same health endpoint, we examined the cumulative total exposure to DnBP, DiBP and DEHP from all pathways; it exceeded the tolerable levels for 30% of the children. From the three indoor pathways alone, several children had a cumulative intake that exceeded TDIcum. Exposures to phthalates present in the air and dust indoors meaningfully contribute to a child’s total intake of certain phthalates. Such exposures, by themselves, may lead to intakes exceeding current limit values.
机译：计算出邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP），邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP），邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP），邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯（BBzP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯的日总摄入量在431位3至6岁的丹麦儿童的尿液中测量了邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的水平。对于每个孩子，根据从儿童家庭和日托中心收集的粉尘中邻苯二甲酸盐的含量，估计其归因于室内环境中通过摄入粉尘，吸入和皮肤吸收而引起的摄入量。根据尿液样本，DEHP的每日总摄入量最高（中位数：4.42 µg / d / kg-bw），而BBzP最低（每天中位数：0.49 µg / d / kg-bw）。对于DEP，DnBP和DiBP，室内环境中空气和粉尘的暴露分别占总摄入量的约100％，15％和50％，其中气相中皮肤的吸收是主要的暴露途径。 BBzP和DEHP的总摄入量中有90％以上来自室内空气和灰尘以外的来源。根据尿液样品中代谢产物的水平，所有接触途径每日摄入的DnBP和DiBP分别超过22名和23名儿童的可耐受每日摄入量（TDI）。室内接触导致14名儿童的平均每日DiBP摄入量超过TDI。使用相对累积可耐受每日摄入量（TDIcum）的概念，该概念适用于基于相同健康终点建立了TDI的邻苯二甲酸盐，我们检查了所有途径中DnBP，DiBP和DEHP的累积总暴露量；它超过了30％的孩子可以忍受的水平。仅通过三个室内通道，几个孩子的累积摄入量就超过了TDIcum。室内空气和尘埃中存在的邻苯二甲酸盐的暴露对孩子摄入某些邻苯二甲酸盐的总量有重要意义。此类暴露本身可能导致摄入量超过电流限值。

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