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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Social Agonistic Distress in Male and Female Mice: Changes of Behavior and Brain Monoamine Functioning in Relation to Acute and Chronic Challenges
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Social Agonistic Distress in Male and Female Mice: Changes of Behavior and Brain Monoamine Functioning in Relation to Acute and Chronic Challenges

机译：雄性和雌性小鼠的社交激动困扰：行为和脑单胺功能的变化与急性和慢性挑战有关。

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Stressful events promote several neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter changes that might contribute to the provocation of psychological and physical pathologies. Perhaps, because of its apparent ecological validity and its simple application, there has been increasing use of social defeat (resident-intruder) paradigms as a stressor. The frequency of stress-related psychopathology is much greater in females than in males, but the typical resident-intruder paradigm is less useful in assessing stressor effects in females. An alternative, but infrequently used procedure in females involves exposing a mouse to a lactating dam, resulting in threatening gestures being expressed by the resident. In the present investigation we demonstrated the utility of this paradigm, showing that the standard resident-intruder paradigm in males and the modified version in females promoted elevated anxiety in a plus-maze test. The behavioral effects that reflected anxiety were more pronounced 2 weeks after the stressor treatment than they were 2 hr afterward, possibly reflecting the abatement of the stress-related of hyper-arousal. These treatments, like a stressor comprising physical restraint, increased plasma corticosterone and elicited variations of norepinephrine and serotonin levels and turnover within the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and central amygdala. Moreover, the stressor effects were exaggerated among mice that had been exposed to a chronic or subchronic-intermittent regimen of unpredictable stressors. Indeed, some of the monoamine changes were more pronounced in females than in males, although it is less certain whether this represented compensatory changes to deal with chronic stressors that could result in excessive strain on biological systems (allostatic overload).
机译：压力事件促进了几种神经内分泌和神经递质的变化，这可能有助于激发心理和生理病理。也许由于其明显的生态有效性和简单的应用，人们越来越多地使用社会失败（居民-入侵者）范式作为压力源。女性中与压力有关的心理病理学频率要比男性高得多，但是典型的常驻入侵者范式在评估女性中的应激源效应时作用较小。另一种在女性中不常用的方法是将鼠标暴露在哺乳期坝上，从而导致居民表现出威胁性手势。在本次调查中，我们证明了该范例的实用性，表明在迷宫测试中，男性的标准常驻入侵者模式和女性的改进版本促进了焦虑的升高。压力治疗后2周，反映焦虑的行为效应比2小时后更为明显，这可能反映出与过度兴奋有关的压力相关性的减轻。这些治疗方法，包括物理约束在内的应激源，可增加血浆皮质酮水平，并引起前额叶皮层，海马和中央杏仁核中去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺水平以及周转的变化。此外，在暴露于无法预测的应激因素的慢性或亚慢性间歇方案的小鼠中，应激因素的作用被夸大了。确实，某些单胺的变化在女性中比在男性中更为明显，尽管尚不能确定这是否代表了补偿性变化以应对可能导致生物系统过度紧张的慢性应激源（恒流过载）。

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