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Structural Phylogenomics Reveals Gradual Evolutionary Replacement of Abiotic Chemistries by Protein Enzymes in Purine Metabolism

机译：结构phylogenomics揭示由嘌呤代谢的蛋白分解酵素非生物的化学物质的逐步更新换代产品

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The origin of metabolism has been linked to abiotic chemistries that existed in our planet at the beginning of life. While plausible chemical pathways have been proposed, including the synthesis of nucleobases, ribose and ribonucleotides, the cooption of these reactions by modern enzymes remains shrouded in mystery. Here we study the emergence of purine metabolism. The ages of protein domains derived from a census of fold family structure in hundreds of genomes were mapped onto enzymes in metabolic diagrams. We find that the origin of the nucleotide interconversion pathway benefited most parsimoniously from the prebiotic formation of adenine nucleosides. In turn, pathways of nucleotide biosynthesis, catabolism and salvage originated ∼300 million years later by concerted enzymatic recruitments and gradual replacement of abiotic chemistries. Remarkably, this process led to the emergence of the fully enzymatic biosynthetic pathway ∼3 billion years ago, concurrently with the appearance of a functional ribosome. The simultaneous appearance of purine biosynthesis and the ribosome probably fulfilled the expanding matter-energy and processing needs of genomic information.
机译：新陈代谢的起源与生命初期存在于我们星球上的非生物化学有关。尽管已经提出了可能的化学途径，包括核碱基，核糖和核糖核苷酸的合成，但现代酶对这些反应的共存选择仍是一个谜。在这里，我们研究嘌呤代谢的出现。来自数百个基因组中折叠家族结构普查的蛋白质结构域的年龄被映射到代谢图中的酶上。我们发现，核苷酸互转换途径的起源从腺嘌呤核苷的益生元形成中最简化地受益。反过来，核苷酸的生物合成，分解代谢和挽救途径是在约3亿年后通过协同招募酶和逐步替代非生物化学而产生的。值得注意的是，这一过程导致了大约30亿年前完全酶促的生物合成途径的出现，同时出现了功能性核糖体。嘌呤生物合成和核糖体的同时出现可能满足了扩展的物质能量和基因组信息的加工需求。

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