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The Out of Africa Hypothesis Human Genetic Diversity andComparative Economic Development

机译:在走出非洲假说人的遗传多样性并对比经济发展

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摘要

This research argues that deep-rooted factors, determined tens of thousands of years ago, had a significant effect on the course of economic development from the dawn of human civilization to the contemporary era. It advances and empirically establishes the hypothesis that, in the course of the exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa, variation in migratory distance from the cradle of humankind to various settlements across the globe affected genetic diversity and has had a long-lasting effect on the pattern of comparative economic development that is not captured by geographical, institutional, and cultural factors. In particular, the level of genetic diversity within a society is found to have a hump-shaped effect on development outcomes in both the pre-colonial and the modern era, reflecting the trade-off between the beneficial and the detrimental effects of diversity on productivity. While the intermediate level of genetic diversity prevalent among Asian and European populations has been conducive for development, the high degree of diversity among African populations and the low degree of diversity among Native American populations have been a detrimental force in the development of these regions.
机译:这项研究认为,几万年前确定的根深蒂固的因素对从人类文明到现代时代的经济发展过程都产生了重大影响。它提出并凭经验建立了这样的假说,即在人类离开非洲的过程中,从人类的摇篮到全球各个定居点的迁徙距离的变化影响了遗传多样性,并对遗传多样性产生了长期影响。地理,制度和文化因素无法捕捉到的比较经济发展模式。特别是,在一个殖民地之前的时期和现代时期,一个社会中的遗传多样性水平对发展成果都具有驼峰状的影响,反映了多样性对生产率的有利和不利影响之间的权衡。虽然亚洲和欧洲人口中普遍存在的遗传多样性的中等水平有利于发展,但非洲人口中高度的多样性和美洲原住民中较低的多样性一直是这些地区发展的有害力量。

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  • 作者

    Quamrul Ashraf; Oded Galor;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(103),1
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 1–46
  • 总页数 122
  • 原文格式 PDF
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