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The Expanding World of Tissue Engineering: The Building Blocks and New Applications of Tissue Engineered Constructs

机译：组织工程的扩展世界：组织工程构建体的构建块和新应用

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摘要

The field of tissue engineering has been growing in the recent years as more products have made it to the market and as new uses for the engineered tissues have emerged, motivating many researchers to engage in this multidisciplinary field of research. Engineered tissues are now not only considered as end products for regenerative medicine, but also have emerged as enabling technologies for other fields of research ranging from drug discovery to biorobotics. This widespread use necessitates a variety of methodologies for production of tissue engineered constructs. In this review, these methods together with their non-clinical applications will be described. First, we will focus on novel materials used in tissue engineering scaffolds; such as recombinant proteins and synthetic, self assembling polypeptides. The recent advances in the modular tissue engineering area will be discussed. Then scaffold-free production methods, based on either cell sheets or cell aggregates will be described. Cell sources used in tissue engineering and new methods that provide improved control over cell behavior such as pathway engineering and biomimetic microenvironments for directing cell differentiation will be discussed. Finally, we will summarize the emerging uses of engineered constructs such as model tissues for drug discovery, cancer research and biorobotics applications.
机译：近年来，随着越来越多的产品推向市场，并且随着工程组织的新用途的出现，组织工程领域不断发展壮大，从而激发了许多研究人员从事这一多学科研究领域。现在，工程组织不仅被视为再生医学的最终产品，而且已成为其他领域的使能技术，从药物发现到生物仿制药。这种广泛的使用需要多种方法来生产组织工程构建体。在这篇综述中，将描述这些方法及其非临床应用。首先，我们将重点研究组织工程支架中使用的新型材料。例如重组蛋白和合成的自组装多肽。将讨论模块化组织工程领域的最新进展。然后将描述基于细胞片或细胞聚集体的无支架生产方法。将讨论组织工程中使用的细胞来源以及可改善对细胞行为的控制的新方法，例如途径工程和仿生微环境，以指导细胞分化。最后，我们将总结工程构造的新兴用途，例如用于药物发现，癌症研究和生物机器人学的模型组织。

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