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Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Developmental Programming of Health and Disease

机译：下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴在健康疾病发展规划中的作用

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摘要

Adverse environments during the fetal and neonatal development period may permanently program physiology and metabolism, and lead to increased risk of diseases in later life. Programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the key mechanisms that contribute to altered metabolism and response to stress. Programming of the HPA axis often involves epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter, which influences tissue-specific GR expression patterns and response to stimuli. This review summarizes the current state of research on the HPA axis and programming of health and disease in the adult, focusing on the epigenetic regulation of GR gene expression patterns in response to fetal and neonatal stress. Aberrant GR gene expression patterns in the developing brain may have a significant negative impact on protection of the immature brain against hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the critical period of development during and immediately after birth.
机译：胎儿和新生儿发育期间的不利环境可能会永久性地影响生理和新陈代谢，并导致以后生活中疾病的风险增加。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的编程是促成新陈代谢改变和对压力的反应的关键机制之一。 HPA轴的编程通常涉及糖皮质激素受体（GR）基因启动子的表观遗传修饰，这会影响组织特异性GR的表达方式和对刺激的反应。这篇综述总结了成人对HPA轴和健康与疾病编程的研究现状，着重研究了GR基因表达模式对胎儿和新生儿应激的表观遗传调控。发育中的大脑中异常的GR基因表达模式可能对未成熟的大脑在出生期间和出生后的关键发育阶段的保护作用，以防止缺氧缺血性脑病产生重大的负面影响。

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