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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines at Idle and under Load: Comparison of Biodiesel Blend and Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Fuels
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Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines at Idle and under Load: Comparison of Biodiesel Blend and Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Fuels

机译：从柴油机气体和微粒排放在空闲和负载：生物柴油混合和超低硫柴油燃料的比较

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Diesel exhaust emissions have been reported for a number of engine operating strategies, after-treatment technologies, and fuels. However, information is limited regarding emissions of many pollutants during idling and when biodiesel fuels are used. This study investigates regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 L) and medium-duty (6.4 L) diesel engines at idle and load and compares a biodiesel blend (B20) to conventional ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. Exhaust aftertreatment devices included a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel particle filter (DPF). For the 1.7 L engine under load without a DOC, B20 reduced brake-specific emissions of particulate matter (PM), elemental carbon (EC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to ULSD; however, formaldehyde brake-specific emissions increased. With a DOC and high load, B20 increased brake-specific emissions of NMHC, nitrogen oxides (NOx), formaldehyde, naphthalene, and several other VOCs. For the 6.4 L engine under load, B20 reduced brake-specific emissions of PM2.5, EC, formaldehyde, and most VOCs; however, NOx brake-specific emissions increased. When idling, the effects of fuel type were different: B20 increased NMHC, PM2.5, EC, formaldehyde, benzene, and other VOC emission rates from both engines, and changes were sometimes large, e.g., PM2.5 increased by 60% for the 6.4 L/2004 calibration engine, and benzene by 40% for the 1.7 L engine with the DOC, possibly reflecting incomplete combustion and unburned fuel. Diesel exhaust emissions depended on the fuel type and engine load (idle versus loaded). The higher emissions found when using B20 are especially important given the recent attention to exposures from idling vehicles and the health significance of PM2.5. The emission profiles demonstrate the effects of fuel type, engine calibration, and emission control system, and they can be used as source profiles for apportionment, inventory, and exposure purposes.
机译：据报道，柴油机尾气排放涉及多种发动机运行策略，后处理技术和燃料。但是，关于空转期间以及使用生物柴油燃料时许多污染物排放的信息有限。这项研究调查了轻型乘用车（1.7 L）和中型（6.4 L）柴油发动机在怠速和负荷下的管制和非管制排放，并将生物柴油混合物（B20）与常规超低硫柴油（ULSD）燃料进行了比较。排气后处理设备包括柴油氧化催化剂（DOC）和柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）。对于没有DOC的1.7 L发动机，B20与ULSD相比，降低了制动器特定颗粒物（PM），元素碳（EC），非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHC）和大多数挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的排放。但是，甲醛制动器的特定排放增加了。在DOC和高负载的情况下，B20会增加NMHC，氮氧化物（NOx），甲醛，萘和其他几种VOC的特定制动排放。对于有负载的6.4升发动机，B20减少了PM2.5，EC，甲醛和大多数VOC的制动比排放；但是，NOx制动器的排放量有所增加。怠速时，燃料类型的影响不同：B20会增加两个发动机的NMHC，PM2.5，EC，甲醛，苯和其他VOC排放率，并且变化有时很大，例如，PM20的PM2.5增加了60％。配备DOC的1.7 L发动机为6.4 L / 2004校准发动机，苯含量为40％，这可能反映了不完全燃烧和未燃烧燃料。柴油机废气排放取决于燃料类型和发动机负荷（怠速与负荷）。鉴于最近对空转车辆的暴露以及PM2.5对健康的重要性的关注，使用B20时发现的较高排放量尤其重要。排放概况展示了燃料类型，发动机校准和排放控制系统的影响，它们可用作分配，库存和暴露目的的来源概况。

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