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Jack-and-Master Trait Responses to Elevated CO2 and N: A Comparison of Native and Introduced Phragmites australis

机译：杰克和主站性状CO2浓度升高和N：天然的比较和引入芦苇

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Global change is predicted to promote plant invasions world-wide, reducing biodiversity and ecosystem function. Phenotypic plasticity may influence the ability of introduced plant species to invade and dominate extant communities. However, interpreting differences in plasticity can be confounded by phylogenetic differences in morphology and physiology. Here we present a novel case investigating the role of fitness trait values and phenotypic plasticity to global change factors between conspecific lineages of Phragmites australis. We hypothesized that due to observed differences in the competitive success of North American-native and Eurasian-introduced P. australis genotypes, Eurasian-introduced P. australis would exhibit greater fitness in response to global change factors. Plasticity and plant performance to ambient and predicted levels of carbon dioxide and nitrogen pollution were investigated to understand how invasion pressure may change in North America under a realistic global change scenario. We found that the introduced Eurasian genotype expressed greater mean trait values in nearly every ecophysiological trait measured – aboveground and belowground – to elevated CO2 and nitrogen, outperforming the native North American conspecific by a factor of two to three under every global change scenario. This response is consistent with “jack and master” phenotypic plasticity. We suggest that differences in plant nitrogen productivity, specific leaf area, belowground biomass allocation, and inherently higher relative growth rate are the plant traits that may enhance invasion of Eurasian Phragmites in North America. Given the high degree of genotypic variability within this species, and our limited number of genotypes, our results must be interpreted cautiously. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential importance of jack-and-master phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions when facing imminent global change conditions. We suggest that jack-and-master invasive genotypes and/or species similar to introduced P. australis will have an increased ecological fitness, facilitating their invasion in both stressful and resource rich environments.
机译：预计全球变化将促进全世界的植物入侵，减少生物多样性和生态系统功能。表型可塑性可能会影响引进植物入侵和控制现存群落的能力。然而，可塑性的解释差异可能会被形态和生理上的系统发育差异所混淆。在这里，我们提出了一个新颖的案例，研究健身特质值和表型可塑性对芦苇的特定谱系之间的全局变化因子的作用。我们假设，由于观察到北美本地人和欧亚人引入的澳大利亚对虾基因型在竞争成功上的差异，欧亚人引入的澳大利亚对虾将对全球变化因素表现出更大的适应性。对可塑性和植物在环境中的表现以及对二氧化碳和氮污染的预测水平进行了研究，以了解在现实的全球变化情况下，北美的入侵压力将如何变化。我们发现，引入的欧亚基因型在所测得的几乎所有生态生理特征（地上和地下）中均表现出较高的平均特征值，从而提高了CO2和氮的含量，在每种全球变化情况下，其表现都比北美本地物种高2到3倍。这种反应与“杰克和主人”表型可塑性一致。我们认为植物氮素生产力，比叶面积，地下生物量分配以及固有较高的相对生长速率的差异是可能增强北美欧亚芦苇入侵的植物性状。考虑到该物种内的基因型高度变异性，以及我们有限的基因型数量，我们的结果必须谨慎解释。我们的研究首次证明了当全球环境迫在眉睫时，杰克和大师的表型可塑性在植物入侵中的潜在重要性。我们建议，与引进的澳大利亚假单胞菌相似的杰克和大师级入侵基因型和/或物种将具有更高的生态适应度，有利于它们在压力和资源丰富的环境中的入侵。

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