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The Temporal Lobes Differentiate between the Voices of Famous and Unknown People: An Event-Related fMRI Study on Speaker Recognition

机译：颞叶微分著名和不认识的人的声音之间：对说话人识别的事件相关fmRI研究

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It is widely accepted that the perception of human voices is supported by neural structures located along the superior temporal sulci. However, there is an ongoing discussion to what extent the activations found in fMRI studies are evoked by the vocal features themselves or are the result of phonetic processing. To show that the temporal lobes are indeed engaged in voice processing, short utterances spoken by famous and unknown people were presented to healthy young participants whose task it was to identify the familiar speakers. In two event-related fMRI experiments, the temporal lobes were found to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar voices such that named voices elicited higher BOLD signal intensities than unfamiliar voices. Yet, the temporal cortices did not only discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar voices. Experiment 2, which required overtly spoken responses and allowed to distinguish between four familiarity grades, revealed that there was a fine-grained differentiation between all of these familiarity levels with higher familiarity being associated with larger BOLD signal amplitudes. Finally, we observed a gradual response change such that the BOLD signal differences between unfamiliar and highly familiar voices increased with the distance of an area from the transverse temporal gyri, especially towards the anterior temporal cortex and the middle temporal gyri. Therefore, the results suggest that (the anterior and non-superior portions of) the temporal lobes participate in voice-specific processing independent from phonetic components also involved in spoken speech material.
机译：人们普遍认为，人类声音的感知是由位于颞上沟的神经结构所支持的。但是，目前正在进行的讨论是，在fMRI研究中发现的激活在多大程度上是由声音特征本身引起的，或者是语音处理的结果。为了表明颞叶确实参与了语音处理，向健康的年轻参与者展示了著名人物和未知人物说的简短话语，他们的任务是识别熟悉的说话者。在两个与事件相关的功能磁共振成像实验中，发现颞叶可以区分熟悉的声音和不熟悉的声音，从而使命名的声音比不熟悉的声音引起更高的BOLD信号强度。然而，颞皮层不仅区分了熟悉的声音还是不熟悉的声音。实验2需要公开地说出答案并允许区分四个熟悉程度，结果表明，所有这些熟悉程度之间都有细微的区别，其中更高的熟悉程度与更大的BOLD信号幅度有关。最后，我们观察到逐渐的响应变化，使得陌生和高度熟悉的语音之间的BOLD信号差异随着从横向颞回，尤其是朝向颞颞回和中间颞回的距离的增加而增加。因此，结果表明，颞叶（的前叶和非上叶部分）参与了语音特定处理，而与语音成分无关。

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