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Allopatry as a Gordian Knot for Taxonomists: Patterns of DNA Barcode Divergence in Arctic-Alpine Lepidoptera

机译：allopatry作为快刀斩乱麻分类学家：在高寒鳞翅目DNa条码发散的格局

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摘要

Many cold adapted species occur in both montane settings and in the subarctic. Their disjunct distributions create taxonomic complexity because there is no standardized method to establish whether their allopatric populations represent single or different species. This study employs DNA barcoding to gain new perspectives on the levels and patterns of sequence divergence among populations of 122 arctic-alpine species of Lepidoptera from the Alps, Fennoscandia and North America. It reveals intraspecific variability in the barcode region ranging from 0.00–10.08%. Eleven supposedly different species pairs or groups show close genetic similarity, suggesting possible synonymy in many cases. However, a total of 33 species show evidence of cryptic diversity as evidenced by the presence of lineages with over 2% maximum barcode divergence in Europe, in North America or between the two continents. Our study also reveals cases where taxonomic names have been used inconsistently between regions and exposes misidentifications. Overall, DNA barcodes have great potential to both increase taxonomic resolution and to make decisions concerning the taxonomic status of allopatric populations more objective.
机译：在山地环境和北极地区，都有许多适应寒冷的物种。它们的离散分布造成了分类学上的复杂性，因为没有标准化的方法来确定它们的异源种群是代表单个物种还是代表不同物种。这项研究利用DNA条形码技术获得了来自阿尔卑斯山，芬诺斯坎迪亚和北美的122种北极高山鳞翅目物种的种群间序列差异的水平和模式的新观点。它揭示了条形码区域内的种内变异性，范围为0.00-10.08％。推测有11种不同的物种对或群体具有密切的遗传相似性，这表明在许多情况下可能具有同义性。但是，共有33个物种显示出隐秘多样性的证据，这在欧洲，北美或两大洲之间存在着最大条形码差异超过2％的谱系。我们的研究还揭示了在区域之间不一致使用分类名称并暴露了错误标识的情况。总体而言，DNA条码具有巨大的潜力，既可以提高分类学分辨率，又可以使有关异源种群分类状态的决策更加客观。

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