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Insights Gained from Modeling High-Grade Glioma in the Mouse

机译：在鼠标从造型高级别胶质瘤带来的启示

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High grade gliomas (HGG) are devastating primary brain tumors with universally poor prognoses. Advances toward effective treatments require improved understanding of pathogenesis and relevant model systems for preclinical testing. Mouse models for HGG provide physiologically relevant experimental systems for analysis of HGG pathogenesis. There are advantages and disadvantages to the different methodologies used to generate such models, including implantation, genetic engineering or somatic gene transfer approaches. This review highlights how mouse models have provided insights into the contribution of specific mutations to tumor initiation, progression, and phenotype, the influence of tumor microenviroment, and the analysis of cell types that can give rise to glioma. HGGs are a highly heterogeneous group of tumors, and the complexity of diverse mutations within common signaling pathways as well as the developmental and cell-type context of transformation contribute to the overall diversity of glioma phenotype. Enhanced understanding of the mutations and cell types giving rise to HGG, along with the ability to design increasingly complex mouse models that more closely approximate the process of human gliomagenesis will continue to provide improved experimental systems for dissecting mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and for preclinical testing.
机译：高级胶质瘤（HGG）是具有普遍贫困预测的原发性脑肿瘤。有效治疗的进步需要改善对临床前测试的发病机制和相关模型系统的理解。 HGG的小鼠模型提供了用于分析HGG发病机制的生理相关的实验系统。用于产生这种模型的不同方法存在优点和缺点，包括植入，基因工程或体细胞基因转移方法。本综述亮点鼠标模型如何为肿瘤启动，进展和表型，肿瘤微生物的影响以及胶质瘤产生的分析来提供对特定突变的贡献。 HGGS是一种高度异质的肿瘤组，以及常见信号通路中不同突变的复杂性以及转化的发育和细胞型背景有助于胶质瘤表型的整体多样性。增强了对产生Hgg的突变和细胞类型的理解，以及设计越来越复杂的小鼠模型的能力，更接近人类脑血肿的过程将继续为疾病发病机制和临床前测试提供改进的实验系统。

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