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Shame and guilt in preschool depression: evidence for elevations in self-conscious emotions in depression as early as age 3

机译:在幼儿园抑郁症的羞耻和内疚:早3岁的抑郁症中自我意识情绪的抬高的证据

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摘要

BackgroundEmpirical findings from two divergent bodies of literature illustrate that depression can arise in the preschool period and that the complex self-conscious emotions of guilt and shame may develop normatively as early as age 3. Despite these related findings, few studies have examined whether the emotions of shame and guilt are salient in early childhood depression. This is important to further understand the emotional characteristics of preschool depression. Based on the hypothesis that preschool depression would be uniquely associated with higher levels of shame and maladaptive guilt, these emotions were investigated in a sample that included depressed, anxious, and disruptive disordered preschoolers as well as healthy peers using multiple methods.

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