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Gender norms in South Africa: Implications for HIV and pregnancy prevention among African and Indian women students at a South African tertiary institution

机译：南非的性别规范：南非高等教育机构的非洲和印度女学生对艾滋病毒和预防怀孕的影响

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In post-Apartheid South Africa, women are constitutionally guaranteed protections and freedoms that were previously unknown to them. These freedoms may have positive implications for women’s ability to negotiate sexual protection with partners and hence prevent unintended pregnancy and decrease their risk of HIV. Among tertiary institution students who are a relatively ‘privileged’ group, there is little information on gender norms that might shape responses to HIV prevention programmes. To elicit gender norms regarding women’s and men’s roles, condom and contraceptive use, sexual communication, and sexual pleasure, we conducted 10 semi-structured focus group discussions with African and Indian female tertiary institution students so as to understand how norms might be used to buttress HIV and pregnancy prevention. Participants reported dramatic changes in the structure of gender norms and relations with the formal recognition of women’s rights in the post-Apartheid context. These generational shifts in norms are supported by other research in South Africa. At the same time, women recognized the co-existence of traditional constructions of gender that operate to constrain women’s freedom. The perceived changes that have taken place provide an entry point for intervention, particularly for reinforcing emerging gender norms that promote women’s protection against unintended pregnancy and HIV/STIs.
机译：在后种族隔离的南非，妇女在宪法上得到了保障，而她们以前是未知的自由。这些自由可能对妇女与伴侣进行性保护谈判的能力产生积极影响，从而防止意外怀孕并降低其艾滋病毒感染风险。在相对“弱势”群体的大专学生中，关于性别规范的信息很少，这些信息可能会影响对艾滋病毒预防计划的反应。为了得出关于男女角色，避孕套和避孕药具使用，性交以及性快感的性别规范，我们与非洲和印度的女性大专院校学生进行了10次半结构性焦点小组讨论，以了解如何使用规范来支撑艾滋病毒和预防怀孕。与会者报告说，在种族隔离之后的背景下，随着对妇女权利的正式承认，性别规范和关系的结构发生了巨大变化。准则的这些世代转换得到了南非其他研究的支持。同时，妇女认识到传统的性别结构并存，这种结构限制了妇女的自由。发生的可察觉的变化为干预提供了切入点，特别是加强了新的性别规范，以促进妇女免受意外怀孕和艾滋病毒/性传播感染的保护。

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