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Polyubiquitin chains: functions structures and mechanisms

机译:泛素链:功能结构和机制

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摘要

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved 76-amino acid polypeptide that is found throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. The covalent conjugation of ubiquitin (often in the form of polymers) to substrates governs a variety of biological processes ranging from proteolysis to DNA damage tolerance. The functional flexibility of this post-translational modification roots in the existence of a large number of ubiquitinating enzymes that catalyze the formation of distinct ubiquitin polymers, which in turn encode different signals. This review summarizes the recent advances in the field with an emphasis on the non-canonical functions of polyubiquitination. We also discuss the potential mechanism of chain linkage specification as well as how structural disparity in ubiquitin polymers may be distinguished by ubiquitin receptors to translate the versatile ubiquitin signals into various cellular functions.
机译:泛素是一种高度保守的76个氨基酸的多肽,遍布整个真核生物界。泛素(通常以聚合物形式)与底物的共价缀合控制着从蛋白水解到DNA损伤耐受性的各种生物学过程。翻译后修饰的功能灵活性源自大量泛素化酶的存在,这些酶催化形成独特的泛素聚合物,进而编码不同的信号。这篇综述总结了该领域的最新进展,重点是多泛素化的非经典功能。我们还将讨论链连接规范的潜在机制,以及如何通过泛素受体区分泛素聚合物中的结构差异,从而将通用泛素信号转化为各种细胞功能。

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