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Demographic Disequilibrium in Early Twentieth Century Thailand: Falling Mortality Rising Fertility or Both?

机译:二十世纪初泰国的人口不平衡:死亡率下降生育率上升或两者兼而有之?

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摘要

Estimates of Thai crude birth and death rates date from 1920 when the former was around 20 per thousand higher than the latter, implying natural increase of 2 percent per annum. Such disequilibrium cannot have been the norm over the long term historical past, when population growth must have been comparatively slow. This paper explores the bases for likely past relative equilibrium between Siamese birth and death rates, then seeks to explain the disequilibrium apparent by 1920. Classic demographic transition theory postulates initially high birth and death rates, this equilibrium eventually being broken by falling mortality. In Thailand, however, there is likely to have been both significant mortality decline and appreciable fertility increase after 1850, as the virtual elimination of indigenous warfare, rapid growth of the export rice economy and the demise of slavery and corvée labour created a new domestic environment. Characterized by more dispersed, often frontier, settlement, this environment was unprecedentedly sedate and settled, afforded ordinary households a previously unknown level of control over their resources of labour, and generated optimism about prospects for the next generation.
机译:泰国的出生率和死亡率估计始于1920年,当时前者比后者高出约每千分之20,这意味着每年自然增长2%。在人口增长一定较慢的长期历史过去,这种不平衡不可能成为常态。本文探讨了暹罗出生率和死亡率之间可能过去的相对平衡的基础,然后试图解释到1920年出现的不平衡现象。经典的人口变迁理论最初假设较高的出生率和死亡率,但这一平衡最终被死亡率下降所打破。然而,在泰国,由于实际上消除了本地战争,出口稻米经济的快速增长以及奴隶制和奴役劳动的消亡创造了新的家庭环境,在1850年之后,死亡率可能会显着下降,而生育率则明显上升。 。这种环境的特点是分散的,通常是边远的定居点,这是前所未有的安定和定居,使普通家庭对其劳动资源有了前所未有的控制水平,并对下一代的前景产生了乐观。

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  • 作者

    Gordon A. Carmichael;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(4),2
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 161–176
  • 总页数 15
  • 原文格式 PDF
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