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Encoding problem-solving strategies in prefrontal cortex: Activity during strategic errors

机译：在前额叶皮层中编码问题解决策略：策略性错误期间的活动

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The primate prefrontal cortex (PF) plays a central role in choosing goals and strategies. To better understand its mechanisms, we recorded from PF neurons as monkeys used abstract response strategies to select a spatial goal. A visual cue, selected randomly from a set of three cues, appeared on each trial. >All three cues were novel when neuronal recording commenced. From trial to trial, the cue could have either repeated or changed from the previous trial, called repeat trials and change trials, respectively. On repeat trials, the monkeys used a Repeat-stay strategy to gain a reward by choosing the same spatial goal as on the previous trial; on change trials, they used a Change-shift strategy to reject the previous goal in favor of an alternative. We reported previously that when monkeys performed the task correctly, many PF neurons had activity encoding one of these two strategies. The monkeys sometimes chose the incorrect strategy, however. Strategy coding was weak or absent during the cue period of error trials, which was—for correct trials—the time when the monkeys used a strategy to choose a future goal. By contrast, later in the trial, after the chosen goal had been attained and the monkeys awaited feedback, strategy coding was present, and it reflected the strategy used, whether correct or incorrect. The weak cue-period strategy signal could, whatever its cause, have contributed to the errors made, whereas the activity prior to feedback suggests a role in monitoring task performance.
机译：灵长类前额叶皮层（PF）在选择目标和策略中起着核心作用。为了更好地了解其机制，我们从PF神经元记录下来，因为猴子使用抽象的响应策略来选择空间目标。在每个试验中都出现了从三个提示中随机选择的视觉提示。当神经元记录开始时，>所有三个线索都是新颖的。从一个试验到另一个试验，提示可能已经重复或与先前的试验有所不同，分别称为重复试验和变更试验。在重复试验中，猴子使用重复停留策略，通过选择与先前试验相同的空间目标来获得奖励。在变更试验中，他们使用变更策略来拒绝先前的目标，而选择了替代方案。我们以前曾报道说，当猴子正确执行任务时，许多PF神经元具有编码这两种策略之一的活动。但是，猴子有时会选择错误的策略。在错误试验的提示期间，策略编码很弱或没有，对于正确的试验，这是猴子使用策略选择未来目标的时间。相比之下，在试验的稍后阶段，在达到选定的目标并等待猴子反馈之前，将显示策略编码，它反映了所使用的策略，无论正确与否。提示期间策略信号微弱，无论其原因如何，都可能导致了错误，而反馈之前的活动暗示着在监视任务绩效中的作用。

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