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Constructing and reconstructing ‘best interests’: An interpretative examination of substitute decision-making under the Mental Capacity Act 2005

机译:构建和重建最大利益:根据 2005年心理能力法案对替代决策的解释性考察

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摘要

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) authorises substitute decision-making in England and Wales, in relation to ‘acts in connection with care or treatment’, for a person lacking the capacity to make an autonomous decision, if it is both necessary and in his or her ‘best interests’. The approach adopted by the MCA is consistent with the common law, but widens both the scope and procedures of a ‘best interests’ determination to allow for a general model of substitute decision-making in everyday health and social care. However, by decontextualising substitute decision-making, the MCA’s procedures relating to ‘best interests’ may prove to be problematic in three ways: first, by failing to resolve adequately certain ethical dilemmas that pervade this area; secondly, by reducing applied substitute decision-making to a series of compulsory generalised instructions; and, finally, by necessitating deliberation but offering little practical guidance to the process of determination. Whilst the codification of five statutory principles in the MCA is designed to foster the empowerment of vulnerable adults, the realisation of these procedural and conceptual problems may have a negative impact on the implementation of the Act.
机译:2005年《心理能力法案》(MCA)授权英格兰和威尔士针对“与照护或治疗有关的行为”的替代决策,如果一个人既有必要又有自主权,则无权做出自主决定。他或她的“最大利益”。 MCA所采用的方法与普通法一致,但是扩大了“最大利益”决定的范围和程序,从而为日常保健和社会护理中的替代决策提供了通用模型。但是,通过使替代决策脱上下文,MCA与“最大利益”相关的程序可能会在以下三个方面出现问题:第一,由于未能充分解决普遍存在于该领域的某些道德困境;第二,通过将适用的替代性决策减少为一系列强制性的通用指令;最后,通过审议,但对确定过程几乎没有实际指导。尽管在《马华公约》中将五项法定原则编纂为旨在增强弱势成年人的权能,但实现这些程序和概念上的问题可能会对该法的实施产生负面影响。

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