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Community-Based Participatory Research and Gene-Environment Interaction Methodologies Addressing Environmental Justice among Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Women and Children in Texas: From Mother to Child Project

机译：德克萨斯州的农民工和季节性农民工妇女和儿童中基于社区的参与性研究和基因环境相互作用方法：从母亲到孩子的计划

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The “From Mother to Child Project” is a molecular epidemiological study that employs a community- based participatory research (CBPR) approach and gene-environment interaction research to address environmental justice in migrant and seasonal farmworker (MSF) women and children of Mexican origin home-based in Baytown and La Joya, Texas. This paper presents the background and rationale for the study and describes the study design and methodology. Preliminary data showed that MSF women and children in Texas have measurable levels of pesticides in their blood and urine, some of which were banned in the United States decades ago and are possible human carcinogens. Polymorphisms in genes involved in chemical detoxification and DNA repair have been associated with susceptibility to genetic damage and cancer development in populations exposed to environmental toxins. The “From Mother to Child Project” is testing three hypotheses: (1) MSF women and children who are occupationally exposed to pesticides are at higher risk for DNA damage than are non-exposed women and children. (2) Both, the extent of pesticide exposure and type of polymorphisms in chemical detoxification and DNA repair genes contribute to the extent of DNA damage observed in study participants. (3) The mutagenic potency levels measured in the organic compounds extracted from the urine and serum of study participants will correlate with the total concentrations of pesticides and with the measured DNA damage in study participants. The study will enroll 800 participants: 200 MSF mother-child pairs; 200 children (one per family) whose parents have never worked in agriculture, matched with the MSF children by ethnicity, age ± 2 years, gender, and city of residence; and these children’s mothers. Personal interviews with the mothers are used to gather data for both mothers and children on sociodemographic characteristics; pesticide exposure at work and home; medical and reproductive history; dietary assessment, and lifestyle factors. Blood and urine samples are collected from each participant and analyzed for (1) organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide levels, (2) genetic polymorphisms of chemical detoxification and DNA repair genes, (3) DNA damage (chromosomal aberrations), and (4) the mutagenic potential of pesticides in the serum and urine. Recruitment and data collection in Baytown is near completion, and over one third of the target population for the La Joya study site.
机译：“从母亲到儿童项目”是一项分子流行病学研究，采用了基于社区的参与性研究（CBPR）方法和基因-环境相互作用研究，以解决墨西哥裔移民和季节性农工（MSF）妇女和儿童的环境正义问题。总部位于得克萨斯州贝敦和拉乔亚。本文介绍了研究的背景和原理，并描述了研究设计和方法。初步数据显示，无国界医生在得克萨斯州的妇女和儿童的血液和尿液中都有可测水平的农药，其中一些是几十年前在美国被禁止的，并且可能是人类致癌物。与化学排毒和DNA修复有关的基因多态性与暴露于环境毒素的人群对遗传损伤和癌症发展的敏感性有关。 “从母亲到儿童的项目”正在检验三个假设：（1）与未暴露的妇女和儿童相比，职业性接触过农药的无国界医生妇女和儿童的DNA受损风险更高。 （2）农药暴露的程度以及化学排毒和DNA修复基因中多态性的类型均对研究参与者观察到的DNA损伤程度有影响。 （3）在研究参与者的尿液和血清中提取的有机化合物中测得的致突变力水平将与农药总浓度和研究参与者的DNA损伤相关。该研究将招募800名参与者：200对MSF母子对； 200名父母从未在农业上工作过的孩子（每个家庭一个），与无国界医生的孩子按种族，年龄±2岁，性别和居住城市相匹配；和这些孩子的母亲。对母亲的个人访谈被用来收集有关母亲和儿童的社会人口统计学特征的数据；在工作和家庭中接触农药；医学和生殖史；饮食评估和生活方式因素。从每个参与者收集血液和尿液样本，并分析（1）有机氯和有机磷酸盐农药水平，（2）化学排毒和DNA修复基因的遗传多态性，（3）DNA损伤（染色体畸变）和（4）诱变潜在的血清和尿液中的农药。贝敦（Baytown）的招聘和数据收集工作即将完成，La Joya研究地点的目标人口超过三分之一。

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