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A structural MRI study in monozygotic twins concordant or discordant for attention/hyperactivity problems: Evidence for genetic and environmental heterogeneity in the developing brain

机译：对注意力/多动症问题一致或不一致的单卵双胞胎的结构MRI研究：发育中的大脑遗传和环境异质性的证据

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Several structural brain abnormalities have been reported in patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the aetiology of these brain changes is still unclear. To investigate genetic and environmental influences on ADHD related neurobiological changes we performed Voxel Based Morphometry on MRI scans from monozygotic (MZ) twins selected from a large longitudinal population database to be highly concordant or highly discordant for ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problem scale (CBCL-AP). Children scoring low on the CBCL-AP are at low risk for ADHD, whereas children scoring high on this scale are at high risk for ADHD. Brain differences between concordant high risk twin pairs and concordant low risk twin pairs likely reflect the genetic risk for ADHD; brain differences between the low risk and high risk twins from discordant MZ twin pairs reflect the environmental risk for ADHD. A major difference between comparisons of high and low risk twins from concordant pairs and high/low twins from discordant pairs was found for the prefrontal lobes. The concordant high risk pairs showed volume loss in orbitofrontal subdivisions. High risk members from the discordant twin pairs exhibited volume reduction in the right inferior dorsolateral prefontal cortex. In addition, the posterior corpus callosum was compromised in concordant high risk pairs, only. Our findings indicate that inattention and hyperactivity symptoms are associated with anatomical abnormalities of a distributed action-attentional network. Different brain areas of this network appear to be affected in inattention/hyperactivity caused by genetic (i.e., high concordant MZ pairs) versus environmental (i.e., high-low discordant MZ pairs) risk factors. These results provide clues that further our understanding of brain alterations in ADHD.
机译：据报道，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患者有几种大脑结构异常。但是，这些脑部改变的病因仍不清楚。为了研究遗传和环境因素对ADHD相关神经生物学变化的影响，我们对来自大型纵向人口数据库的单卵双胞胎（MZ）的MRI扫描进行了基于体素的形态计量学研究，该结果与儿童行为清单注意问题量表的评分高度一致或高度不一致（ CBCL-AP）。 CBCL-AP得分较低的儿童罹患多动症的风险较低，而CBCL-AP得分较高的儿童罹患ADHD的风险较高。一致的高风险双胞胎对和一致的低风险双胞胎对之间的大脑差异可能反映了多动症的遗传风险。 MZ双胞胎对中低风险和高风险双胞胎之间的大脑差异反映了多动症的环境风险。对于前额叶，比较一致对的高风险和低风险双胞胎与不和谐对的高/低孪生之间的主要差异。一致的高风险对显示眶额细分中的体积减少。来自不和谐双胞胎对的高风险成员在右下背前font前皮质的体积减少。另外，仅在一致的高风险对中损害了后体。我们的发现表明，注意力不集中和多动症状与分布式行动注意网络的解剖异常有关。该网络的不同大脑区域似乎受遗传（即高一致性MZ对）与环境（即高低不一致MZ对）风险因素引起的注意力不集中/活动过度的影响。这些结果提供了线索，进一步加深了我们对多动症脑部改变的理解。

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