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Morphometric modeling of olfactory circuits in the insect antennal lobe: I. Simulations of spiking local interneurons

机译：昆虫触角叶中嗅觉回路的形态学建模：I.尖峰局部中间神经元的模拟

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Inhibitory local interneurons (LNs) play a critical role in shaping the output of olfactory glomeruli in both the olfactory bulb of vertebrates and the antennal lobe of insects and other invertebrates. In order to examine how the complex geometry of LNs may affect signaling in the antennal lobe, we constructed detailed multi-compartmental models of single LNs from the sphinx moth, Manduca sexta, using morphometric data from confocal-microscopic images. Simulations clearly revealed a directionality in LNs that impeded the propagation of injected currents from the sub-micron-diameter glomerular dendrites toward the much larger-diameter integrating segment (IS) in the coarse neuropil. Furthermore, the addition of randomly-firing synapses distributed across the LN dendrites (simulating the noisy baseline activity of afferent input recorded from LNs in the odor-free state) led to a significant depolarization of the LN. Thus the background activity typically recorded from LNs in vivo could influence synaptic integration and spike transformation in LNs through voltage-dependent mechanisms. Other model manipulations showed that active currents inserted into the IS can help synchronize the activation of inhibitory synapses in glomeruli across the antennal lobe. These data, therefore, support experimental findings suggesting that spiking inhibitory LNs can operate as multifunctional units under different ambient odor conditions. At low odor intensities, (i.e. subthreshold for IS spiking), they participate in local, mostly intra-glomerular processing. When activated by elevated odor concentrations, however, the same neurons will fire overshooting action potentials, resulting in the spread of inhibition more globally across the antennal lobe. Modulation of the passive and active properties of LNs may, therefore, be a deciding factor in defining the multi-glomerular representations of odors in the brain.
机译：抑制性局部神经元（LNs）在塑造脊椎动物嗅球以及昆虫和其他无脊椎动物触角中的嗅球的输出中起关键作用。为了检查LN的复杂几何形状如何影响触角叶中的信号传导，我们使用了共聚焦显微图像的形态计量数据，从狮身人面像蛾Manduca sexta构造了单个LN的详细多室模型。模拟清楚地显示了LN的方向性，该方向性阻碍了注入电流从亚微米直径的肾小球树突向粗神经桩中更大直径的积分段（IS）的传播。此外，在LN树突上分布的随机激发突触的添加（模拟从无气味状态的LN记录的传入输入的嘈杂基线活动）导致LN显着去极化。因此，通常从体内的LNs记录的背景活性可能通过电压依赖性机制影响LNs的突触整合和突峰转化。其他模型操作表明，插入IS的有功电流可以帮助同步跨触叶的肾小球中抑制性突触的激活。因此，这些数据支持实验结果，表明尖峰抑制性LN可以在不同的环境气味条件下作为多功能装置运行。在低气味强度下（即IS峰值低于阈值），它们会参与局部（主要是肾小球内）加工。但是，当被升高的气味浓度激活时，相同的神经元将激发超调动作电位，从而导致抑制作用更广泛地分布在整个触角上。因此，LNs的被动和主动特性的调制可能是定义大脑中气味的多球状表示的决定因素。

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