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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ambio >Decline and diversity in Swedish seas: Environmental narratives in marine history science and policy
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Decline and diversity in Swedish seas: Environmental narratives in marine history science and policy

机译：瑞典海洋的衰退和多样性：海洋历史科学和政策中的环境叙事

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Fisheries management is a case in point for how non-alignment between scientific recordings and public and policy frameworks can lead to misdirected management strategies. Translation of the complex developments of fish stocks and their causes into what may be considered thoughtful policy is often poor. Most decisions for Swedish fish stocks are made through the EU’s common fisheries policy, where negotiations showcase diverse priorities between different concerned member states. Recently decided 2019 fishing quotas for the Baltic Sea indicate limited responses to scientifically recorded trends; while numbers for cod in the eastern Baltic are strongly negative, quotas were only reduced 16% (however the fishery became closed in the second half of the year 2019), while tentative indicators of positive developments for western Baltic cod lead to a sudden jump in quotas with an increase of over 70%, despite estimates that overall current cod fisheries in the Baltic Sea are only 10% of what they were 30 years ago (ICES ). The press release from the European Council for the recent quotas indicates that the decisions are influenced by the persistent framing of EU fisheries as a predominantly socio-economic concern as much as an ecological and environmental one, stating that the new quotas represent a step towards achieving sustainability in Baltic Sea fisheries “whilst at the same time respecting the socioeconomic viability of our coastal communities”. This understanding is different from contemporary scientific frameworks for fisheries in for example the US, where the ecological sustainability of fisheries has been established as the primary concern and a basic legal requirement before any fishing can occur. The importance of the socioeconomic perspective persists in the EU notwithstanding the fact that fisheries in the Baltic Sea are of an insignificant value in an economic sense. Moreover, capital-intensive, highly industrial fisheries are systematically favoured by strong economic subsidies and higher quotas than the Baltic coastal fisheries which may soon have disappeared in large parts of the Baltic. The ‘costs’ of downsizing the fishing effort of industrial fisheries thus represent nothing less than gains, also for the local fishing villages (cf. Svedäng and Hornborg ).
机译：渔业管理就是一个很好的例子，说明科学记录与公共和政策框架之间的不一致会导致错误的管理策略。将鱼类种群的复杂发展及其成因转化为可能被认为是周到的政策通常是很困难的。瑞典鱼类种群的大多数决定是通过欧盟共同的渔业政策制定的，该谈判体现了有关成员国之间的不同优先事项。最近确定的2019年波罗的海捕鱼配额表明，对科学记录的趋势的反应有限;虽然波罗的海东部的鳕鱼数量严重为负，但配额仅减少了16％（然而，渔业在2019年下半年关闭），而波罗的海西部鳕鱼的积极发展的初步指标导致捕捞量突然增加。尽管估计波罗的海目前的鳕鱼总捕捞量仅为30年前的10％（ICES），但配额仍增加了70％以上。欧洲理事会关于近期配额的新闻稿表明，这些决定受到欧盟渔业持续构成框架的影响，因为渔业主要是社会经济问题，同时也涉及生态和环境问题，并指出新配额是迈向实现配额的一步波罗的海渔业的可持续性“同时尊重我们沿海社区的社会经济生存能力”。这种理解与当代的渔业科学框架（例如美国）不同，在美国，渔业的生态可持续性已被确定为首要关注点，也是任何捕捞活动发生前的基本法律要求。尽管在经济意义上波罗的海的渔业价值微不足道，但欧盟仍然坚持社会经济观点的重要性。而且，与波罗的海沿海渔业相比，资本密集，高度工业化的渔业系统地受到强有力的经济补贴和更高配额的青睐，而这些沿海渔业可能很快就会在波罗的海的大部分地区消失。因此，减少工业化渔业捕捞努力的“成本”无非是收获，对当地渔村也是如此（参见Svedäng和Hornborg）。

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