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Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa

机译：氧化还原调节和氧化应激：种马精子的特殊情况

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摘要

Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an “on–off” switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are “professional producers” of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.
机译：氧化还原调节和氧化应激已成为精子学的主要领域。氧化还原稳态的改变被认为是男性因素不育的重要原因，并且是冷冻，解冻或以液态保存后精子经历的损害的背后。长期以来，氧化应激仅被认为是活性氧的过量产生，如今，氧化应激被认为是氧化还原失调的结果。精子功能的许多基本方面都受到氧化还原的调节，关键蛋白的半胱氨酸残基中的硫醇可逆氧化，可作为控制精子功能的“开关”开关。但是，如果发生失调，这些残基可能会经历不可逆的氧化和氧化应激，从而导致精子失灵并最终死亡。公马的精子由于其强烈的线粒体活性而成为活性氧的“专业生产者”，因此，控制氧化还原稳态的复杂系统也是马精子的特征。结果，结合可以容易地在该物种中收集胚胎的事实，马是研究精子中氧化还原生物学及其对胚胎的影响的良好模型。

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