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Design biodegradable Zn alloys: Second phases and their significant influences on alloy properties

机译：设计可生物降解的锌合金：第二相及其对合金性能的重大影响

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Alloying combined with plastic deformation processing is widely used to improve mechanical properties of pure Zn. As-cast Zn and its alloys are brittle. Beside plastic deformation processing, no effective method has yet been found to eliminate the brittleness and even endow room temperature super-ductility. Second phase, induced by alloying, not only largely determines the ability of plastic deformation, but also influences strength, corrosion rate and cytotoxicity. Controlling second phase is important for designing biodegradable Zn alloys. In this review, knowledge related to second phases in biodegradable Zn alloys has been analyzed and summarized, including characteristics of binary phase diagrams, volume fraction of second phase in function of atomic percentage of an alloying element, and so on. Controversies about second phases in Zn–Li, Zn–Cu and Zn–Fe systems have been settled down, which benefits future studies. The effects of alloying elements and second phases on microstructure, strength, ductility, corrosion rate and cytotoxicity have been neatly summarized. Mg, Mn, Li, Cu and Ag are recommended as the major alloying elements, owing to their prominent beneficial effects on at least one of the above properties. In future, synergistic effects of these elements should be more thoroughly investigated. For other nutritional elements, such as Fe and Ca, refining second phase is a matter of vital concern.
机译：合金化与塑性变形处理相结合被广泛用于提高纯锌的机械性能。铸锌及其合金易碎。除了塑性变形处理之外，还没有发现有效的方法来消除脆性，甚至赋予室温超延展性。合金化诱导的第二相不仅在很大程度上决定了塑性变形的能力，而且还影响了强度，腐蚀速率和细胞毒性。控制第二相对于设计可生物降解的锌合金很重要。在这篇综述中，已经对与可生物降解的锌合金中第二相有关的知识进行了分析和总结，包括二元相图的特征，第二相的体积分数随合金元素原子百分比的变化等。有关Zn-Li，Zn-Cu和Zn-Fe系统中第二相的争议已经解决，这将有利于将来的研究。归纳了合金元素和第二相对组织，强度，延展性，腐蚀速率和细胞毒性的影响。推荐使用Mg，Mn，Li，Cu和Ag作为主要合金元素，因为它们对上述特性中的至少一种具有显着的有益作用。将来，应更彻底地研究这些元素的协同​​作用。对于其他营养元素，例如铁和钙，提炼第二阶段是至关重要的问题。

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