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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Desert‐like badlands and surrounding (semi‐)dry grasslands of Central Germany promote small‐scale phenotypic and genetic differentiation in Thymus praecox
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Desert‐like badlands and surrounding (semi‐)dry grasslands of Central Germany promote small‐scale phenotypic and genetic differentiation in Thymus praecox

机译：德国中部的沙漠状荒地和周围的（半）干旱草原促进了百里香的小规模表型和遗传分化

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Environmental heterogeneity among sites can generate phenotypic and genetic variation facilitating differentiation and microevolution of plant populations. Badlands are desert‐like, predominantly vegetation‐poor habitats often embedded in (semi‐)dry grasslands. The desert‐like conditions of badlands demand extreme adaptation of plants, that is, phenotypic modifications in short‐term and/or natural adaptation in long‐term. However, detailed knowledge is missing about both plant phenotypic and genetic differentiation in this unique and widely occurring habitat type. The present study focused on the largest known badlands systems in Central Europe located in the “Drei Gleichen” region, a designated nature conservation area in Central Germany. Locations were suitable for this study in terms of having co‐occurring badlands and (semi‐)dry grassland habitats (sites) occupied by the pioneer plant . Here, we studied the environmental preferences, morphological and functional trait variation, and genetic variation using microsatellite markers of . Results revealed significant, mainly site‐dependent environmental, phenotypic, and genetic differentiation. In general, individuals in badlands are shorter in height and have lower patch sizes (length × width), relative growth rates, and smaller stomata. The PCA additionally unveiled slightly increased leaf robustness, trichome density, decreased stomatal conductance, fewer females, and earlier phenology in badlands. We interpret differentiation patterns as adaptive responses to light, temperature, drought, and nutrient stress conditions supported by reviewed literature. Genetic differentiation was strongest between local badlands and grassland sites, and clearly weaker among locations and between sites (in total) as indicated by , AMOVA, PCoA, and population structure. Our study supports the importance of small‐scale microhabitat conditions as a driver of microevolutionary processes, and the population's need for sufficient phenotypic variation and genetic resources to deal with environmental changes. We demonstrated that badlands are an appropriate model system for testing plant response to extreme habitats and that more research is needed on these fascinating landscapes.
机译：地点之间的环境异质性可以产生表型和遗传变异，从而促进植物种群的分化和微进化。荒地是沙漠样的，主要是植被贫乏的栖息地，通常栖息在（半）干旱的草原中。像沙漠一样的荒地条件要求对植物进行极端的适应，即短期的表型改变和/或长期的自然适应。但是，在这种独特且广泛存在的生境类型中，缺少有关植物表型和遗传分化的详细知识。本研究的重点是位于德国中部指定的自然保护区“ Drei Gleichen”地区的中欧最大的荒地系统。就先驱植物占据的同时存在的荒地和（半）干旱草原生境（场所）而言，地点适合本研究。在这里，我们使用的微卫星标记研究了环境偏好，形态和功能性状变异以及遗传变异。结果显示出显着的，主要是位点依赖性的环境，表型和遗传分化。一般而言，荒地中的个体身高较短，斑块尺寸较小（长×宽），相对生长速率较小，气孔较小。 PCA还揭示了叶片稳健性，毛状体密度，气孔导度降低，雌性变少以及荒地中较早的物候现象。我们将分化模式解释为对光，温度，干旱和养分胁迫条件的适应性反应，这些均受文献综述的支持。如图所示，当地荒地和草地场址之间的遗传分化最强，而地点之间和场址之间（总计）的遗传分化明显较弱。 ，AMOVA，PCoA和人口结构。我们的研究支持小规模微生境条件作为微进化过程的驱动因素的重要性，以及人口对足够的表型变异和遗传资源以应对环境变化的需求。我们证明了荒地是测试植物对极端生境的反应的合适模型系统，并且需要对这些迷人的景观进行更多的研究。

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