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The Female Empowerment Index (FEMI): spatial and temporal variation in womens empowerment in Nigeria

机译:女性赋权指数(FEMI):尼日利亚妇女赋权的时空变化

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摘要

Improving female empowerment is an important human rights and development goal that needs better monitoring. A number of indices have been developed to track female empowerment at the national level, but these are incomplete and may obscure important sub-national variation. We developed the Female Empowerment Index (FEMI) to track multiple domains of women's empowerment at the sub-national level. The index is based on six categories of empowerment: violence against women, employment, education, reproductive healthcare, decision making, and access to contraceptives. The FEMI has a range of zero to one (low to high empowerment), and it is calculated as the mean proportion of positive outcomes in the six categories. To provide a proof of concept, we computed the FEMI for Nigeria and its 36 states from five Demographic and Health Surveys between the years of 1990 and 2013, using questions asked to 98,542 women between 15 and 49 years old. At the national level, the FEMI increased from 0.34 to 0.48. However, there was substantial sub-national variation, with state-level values ranging from 0.16-0.60 in 1990 to 0.19–0.73 in 2013. Our findings thus illustrate the importance of considering sub-national variation in female empowerment. The FEMI can be readily computed for other countries, and its ability to track spatial and temporal variation in woman's empowerment across a broad set of categories may make it more useful than existing approaches.
机译:增强女性权能是一项重要的人权与发展目标,需要进行更好的监测。已经开发了许多指标来跟踪国家一级的女性赋权,但这些指标不完整,可能掩盖了重要的地方以下差异。我们开发了女性赋权指数(FEMI),以在地方以下各级追踪女性赋权的多个领域。该指数基于赋予权力的六类:对妇女的暴力行为,就业,教育,生殖保健,决策制定和获得避孕药具。 FEMI的范围是从零到一(低授权到高授权),它被计算为六个类别中积极成果的平均比例。为了提供概念证明,我们使用了向98,542名15岁至49岁之间的女性提出的问题,通过1990年至2013年之间的五次人口与健康调查计算了尼日利亚及其36个州的FEMI。在国家一级,FEMI从0.34增加到0.48。但是,地方政府之间存在很大的差异,州水平的值范围从1990年的0.16-0.60到2013年的0.19-0.73。我们的发现因此说明了在赋予女性权力方面考虑地方政府差异的重要性。 FEMI可以很容易地在其他国家进行计算,并且它可以跟踪广泛类别的女性赋权中的时空变化的能力可能使其比现有方法更有用。

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