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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Insects >Warming Increases Pollen Lipid Concentration in an Invasive Thistle with Minor Effects on the Associated Floral-Visitor Community
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Warming Increases Pollen Lipid Concentration in an Invasive Thistle with Minor Effects on the Associated Floral-Visitor Community

机译：变暖会增加入侵蓟中的花粉脂质浓度并对相关的花卉访客群落产生较小影响

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Climate warming is likely to change the ways in which plants interact with their insect mutualists, for example through changes in phytochemistry. In particular, this may have implications for the ways in which we manage noxious weeds, which may spread more quickly if they experience stronger mutualistic interactions. We grew the invasive nodding thistle, , in two experimental treatments in the field: either passively warmed with open top chambers or at ambient temperatures. We collected pollen from thistles in each treatment and analysed the total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. We observed no difference in the pollen protein or carbohydrate content, but the total lipid content of the pollen was significantly higher in warmed plants. We conducted a total of 12.75 h of observations of putatively mutualistic, flower-visiting insects. In addition, we spent 4.17 h collecting bees that visited thistle inflorescences in the treatments, allowing us to identify them to species. We found a significant increase in the abundance of flower-visiting insects in the observations, but not bee abundance in collections. In addition, there was no treatment effect on the number of flower-visiting morphotypes in the observations, or bee species richness in the collections. However, a nonparametric test did identify a significant effect of warming on the composition of flower-visiting morphotypes in observations and bee species in collections. Overall, the warming treatment significantly increased lipid content of the pollen, but had relatively weak effects on insect visitation patterns. However, these effects may be amplified at larger spatial and temporal scales or higher temperatures.
机译：气候变暖很可能会改变植物与昆虫互惠者互动的方式，例如通过植物化学变化。特别是，这可能会影响我们管理有害杂草的方式，如果它们经历更强的互惠互动，传播速度可能会更快。我们在该领域的两个实验处理中种植了侵入性点头蓟：用敞开式顶室被动加热或在室温下进行。我们在每种处理中从蓟中收集花粉，并分析了总蛋白质，脂质和碳水化合物含量。我们观察到花粉蛋白或碳水化合物含量没有差异，但是在温暖的植物中花粉的总脂质含量明显更高。我们总共进行了12.75小时的观察，推测是互惠的访花昆虫。此外，我们花了4.17小时收集在处理过程中造访了蓟花序的蜜蜂，从而使我们能够将它们识别为物种。我们在观察中发现访花昆虫的丰度显着增加，但集合中的蜜蜂丰度却没有。此外，对观察结果中访花形态类型的数量或收集物中的蜜蜂物种丰富度没有任何处理效果。但是，一项非参数测试确实发现了变暖对观测中的访花形态型和集合中的蜜蜂种类具有显着影响。总体而言，加温处理显着增加了花粉的脂质含量，但对昆虫的访视方式影响相对较弱。但是，这些影响可能会在更大的空间和时间范围或更高的温度下放大。

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