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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Molecular Sciences >Absence of Dx2 at Glu-D1 Locus Weakens Gluten Quality Potentially Regulated by Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat
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Absence of Dx2 at Glu-D1 Locus Weakens Gluten Quality Potentially Regulated by Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat

机译：小麦中氮代谢酶和谷蛋白相关基因的表达可能会调节Glu-D1基因座Dx2的缺乏从而削弱面筋质量。

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摘要

Absence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) Dx2 weakens the gluten quality, but it is unclear how the absence of Dx2 has these effects. Thus, we investigated the gluten quality in terms of cytological, physicochemical, and transcriptional characteristics using two near-isogenic lines with Dx2 absent or present at locus. Cytological observations showed that absence of Dx2 delayed and decreased the accumulation of protein bodies (PBs), where fewer and smaller PBs formed in the endosperm. The activity and gene expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and proteolysis enzymes were lower in HMW-D1a without Dx2 than HMW-D1p with Dx2, and thus less amino acid was transported for protein synthesis in the grains. The expression pattern of genes encoding Glu-1Dx2+1Dy12 was similar to those of three transcription factors, where these genes were significantly down-regulated in HMW-D1a than HMW-D1p. Three genes involving with glutenin polymerization were also down-regulated in HMW-D1a. These results may explain the changes in the glutenin and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) levels during grain development. Therefore, we suggest that the lower nitrogen metabolism capacity and expression levels of glutenin synthesis-related genes in HMW-D1a accounted for the lower accumulation of glutenin, GMP, and PBs, thereby weakening the structural‒thermal properties of gluten.
机译：高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）Dx2的缺乏会削弱面筋的质量，但是尚不清楚Dx2的缺失如何产生这些作用。因此，我们使用两个在位点不存在或存在的Dx2近等基因系，研究了面筋质量的细胞学，理化和转录特性。细胞学观察表明，Dx2的缺乏延迟并减少了蛋白质体（PBs）的积累，而在胚乳中形成的PB越来越少。没有Dx2的HMW-D1a的氮同化和蛋白水解酶的活性和基因表达水平比带有Dx2的HMW-D1p的低，因此在谷物中转运较少的氨基酸来进行蛋白质合成。编码Glu-1Dx2 + 1Dy12的基因的表达模式与三个转录因子相似，在HMW-D1a中这些基因比HMW-D1p显着下调。在HMW-D1a中，与谷蛋白聚合有关的三个基因也被下调。这些结果可以解释谷物发育过程中谷蛋白和谷蛋白大分子聚合物（GMP）水平的变化。因此，我们认为HMW-D1a中较低的氮代谢能力和谷蛋白合成相关基因的表达水平是谷蛋白，GMP和PBs积累较低的原因，从而削弱了谷蛋白的结构-热学性质。

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