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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Relationship of Changes in Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Characteristics over One Season Biological Maturity Status and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Ski Racers: A Prospective Study
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Relationship of Changes in Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Characteristics over One Season Biological Maturity Status and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Ski Racers: A Prospective Study

机译：优秀青年滑雪运动员一季度身体素质和人体测量学特征变化生物成熟度状态和伤害风险之间的关系：前瞻性研究

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Alpine ski racing is a sport with a high risk of injuries. In order to contribute to the longitudinal career development of young athletes, prevention measures should be elaborated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate prospectively the role of biological maturity status, and changes in anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters over one season in elite youth ski racers younger than 15 years. Eighty-nine elite youth ski racers (39 females, 50 males), aged 10–14 years (mean age: 12.1 ± 1.3), were investigated. Anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters were assessed prior and after the winter season; traumatic and overuse injuries were recorded over the 32 weeks. Binary logistic regression analyses (R² = 0.202–0.188) revealed that the biological maturity (Wald = 4.818; = 0.028), and changes over the season in the jump agility test (Wald = 4.692; = 0.03), in body height (Wald = 6.229; = 0.013), and in leg length (Wald = 4.321; = 0.038) represented significant injury risk factors. Athletes who could improve their jump agility performance more, had smaller changes in the anthropometric characteristics and who were closer to their peak height velocity were at a lower injury risk. In the context of injury prevention, regular neuromuscular training should be incorporated, and phases of rapid growth have to be considered.
机译：高山滑雪比赛是一种容易受伤的运动。为了促进年轻运动员的纵向职业发展，应制定预防措施。因此，本研究的目的是前瞻性地调查15岁以下的青年精英滑雪选手在一个季节内生物成熟度状态的作用，以及人体测量学特征和体能参数的变化。调查了89名年龄在10至14岁（平均年龄：12.1±1.3）的精英青年滑雪运动员（39名女性，50名男性）。在冬季之前和之后评估人体测量学特征和身体健康参数；在32周内记录了外伤和过度使用伤害。二元逻辑回归分析（R²= 0.202–0.188）显示，其身体成熟度（Wald = 4.818; = 0.028），以及整个季节的跳跃敏捷性测试（Wald = 4.692; = 0.03）随身高变化（Wald = 6.229; = 0.013），腿长（Wald = 4.321; = 0.038）表示明显的伤害危险因素。可以提高跳远敏捷性的运动员，人体测量学特征的变化较小，并且接近其最高身高速度的运动员受伤的风险较低。在预防伤害的背景下，应进行定期的神经肌肉训练，并且必须考虑快速增长的阶段。

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