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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Exit and Entry Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Travelers at Points of Entry: Looking for Evidence on Public Health Impact
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Exit and Entry Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Travelers at Points of Entry: Looking for Evidence on Public Health Impact

机译：入境口岸旅客传染病出入境筛查实践：寻找对公共卫生影响的证据

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A scoping search and a systematic literature review were conducted to give an insight on entry and exit screening referring to travelers at points of entry, by analyzing published evidence on practices, guidelines, and experiences in the past 15 years worldwide. Grey literature, PubMed. and Scopus were searched using specific terms. Most of the available data identified through the systematic literature review concerned entry screening measures at airports. Little evidence is available about entry and exit screening measure implementation and effectiveness at ports and ground crossings. Exit screening was part of the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) temporary recommendations for implementation in certain points of entry, for specific time periods. Exit screening measures for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the three most affected West African countries did not identify any cases and showed zero sensitivity and very low specificity. The percentages of confirmed cases identified out of the total numbers of travelers that passed through entry screening measures in various countries worldwide for Influenza Pandemic (H1N1) and EVD in West Africa were zero or extremely low. Entry screening measures for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) did not detect any confirmed SARS cases in Australia, Canada, and Singapore. Despite the ineffectiveness of entry and exit screening measures, authors reported several important concomitant positive effects that their impact is difficult to assess, including discouraging travel of ill persons, raising awareness, and educating the traveling public and maintaining operation of flights from/to the affected areas. Exit screening measures in affected areas are important and should be applied jointly with other measures including information strategies, epidemiological investigation, contact tracing, vaccination, and quarantine to achieve a comprehensive outbreak management response. Based on review results, an algorithm about decision-making for entry/exit screening was developed.
机译：通过分析全球范围内过去15年的实践，指南和经验证据，进行了范围搜索和系统的文献综述，以针对出入境口岸的旅行者进行出入境检查的洞察。灰色文献，PubMed。和Scopus是使用特定术语搜索的。通过系统的文献综述确定的大多数可用数据都与机场的入境筛选措施有关。关于出入境检查措施的实施以及港口和地面通道的有效性的证据很少。出口筛查是世界卫生组织（WHO）临时建议的一部分，建议在特定时间段内在某些入境点实施。在三个受影响最严重的西非国家中，埃博拉病毒病（EVD）的出口筛查措施未发现任何病例，并显示出零敏感性和非常低的特异性。在世界各国通过西非流行性感冒（H1N1）和EVD入境筛查措施的旅行者总数中，已确认的确诊病例百分比为零或极低。在澳大利亚，加拿大和新加坡，严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS）的进入筛查措施未发现任何确诊的SARS病例。尽管出入境检查措施无效，但作者报告了一些重要的伴随积极影响，这些影响难以评估，包括阻止病人旅行，提高意识，教育旅行公众并保持往返受影响航班的运行地区。受影响地区的出口筛查措施很重要，应与其他措施（包括信息策略，流行病学调查，接触者追踪，疫苗接种和检疫）一起应用，以实现全面的疫情管理应对。根据审查结果，开发了一种关于出入境检查的决策方法。

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